LEADER 03555nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910451061403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-36372-3 010 $a9786611363727 010 $a1-4039-7825-5 024 7 $a10.1057/9781403978257 035 $a(CKB)1000000000342902 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000122851 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11140016 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000122851 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10130792 035 $a(PQKB)10513968 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-4039-7825-7 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC307666 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL307666 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10135427 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL136372 035 $a(OCoLC)560461382 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000342902 100 $a20040816d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCivil-military dynamics, democracy, and international conflict$b[electronic resource] $ea new quest for international peace /$fSeung-Whan Choi and Patrick James 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cPalgrave Macmillan$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (XIV, 197 p.) 225 1 $aAdvances in foreign policy analysis 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a1-349-52844-7 311 $a1-4039-6485-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [175]-192) and index. 327 $a1. Introduction -- 2. A review of democracy, peace, and other things -- 3. A new look at international conflict and peace : four factors to consider -- 4. Research design -- 5. Accounting for militarized interstate disputes -- 6. Accounting for fatal militarized interstate disputes -- 7. A key issue of measurement : military expenditure and civil-military relations -- 8. A closer look at media openness : from institutional democracy to media openness? -- 9. The quest for peace. 330 $aAddressing decision-making over interstate disputes and the democratic peace thesis, Choi and James build an interactive foreign policy decision-making model with a special emphasis on civil-military relations, conscription, diplomatic channels and media openness. Each is significant in explaining decisions over dispute involvement. The temporal scope is broad while the geographic scope is global. The result is sophisticated analysis of the causes of conflict and factors that can ameliorate it, and a generalizable approach to the study of foreign relations. The findings that media openness contributes to peaceful resolution of disputes, that the greater the influence of the military the more likely for their to be interstate disputes, that conscription is likely to have the same effect, and that increases in diplomatic interaction correlate with increased conflict are sure to generate debate. 410 0$aAdvances in foreign policy analysis. 606 $aPeacekeeping forces 606 $aConflict management 606 $aInternational relations 606 $aDemocracy 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPeacekeeping forces. 615 0$aConflict management. 615 0$aInternational relations. 615 0$aDemocracy. 676 $a322/.5 700 $aChoi$b Seung-Whan$0876237 701 $aJames$b Patrick$f1957-$0890323 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910451061403321 996 $aCivil-military dynamics, democracy, and international conflict$92139947 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05630oam 22007095 450 001 9910786340503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-283-86482-7 010 $a0-8213-9629-3 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9628-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000277378 035 $a(EBL)1094237 035 $a(OCoLC)823380528 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000783279 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12342680 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000783279 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10771198 035 $a(PQKB)11421396 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1094237 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1094237 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10629251 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL417732 035 $a(The World Bank)17395065 035 $a(US-djbf)17395065 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000277378 100 $a20120720d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aFinancial sector development in Africa : $eopportunities and challenges /$feditors, Thorsten Beck, Samuel Munzele Maimbo 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cWorld Bank,$d2012. 215 $apages cm 225 1 $aDirections in development . Finance 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9628-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Editors and Contributors; Abbreviations; Introduction; Part I: Expanding Access; Part II: Lengthening Contracts; Part III: Safeguarding Finance; Part IV: Financial Sector Reform: Activism and Local Political Conditions; Note; PART I: Expanding Access; Chapter 1 Microfinance in Africa; Microfinance Outreach; Figures; 1.1 Total Asset Growth across Regions, 2005-10; Tables; 1.1 Total Borrowers, Depositors, and Penetration Rates, 2010; 1.2 Total Borrowers and Depositors across Africa, 2000-10; 1.3 Ratio of Women to Total Borrowers, 2005-10 327 $a1.4 Rural and Urban Distribution of ATMs and POS, 20101.5 Depositor Growth Rates and Average Balances, 2005-10; 1.6 Loan Growth Rates and Averages Balances, 2005-10; Impediments to the Microfinance Industry and Best Practice Solutions; 1.7 Median Return on Assets across Africa, 2005-10; 1.8 Costs and Borrowers, World Regional Medians, 2005-10; 1.9 Costs and Borrowers, African Subregional Median, 2005-10; 1.10 Median Yields on Gross Portfolio across African Subregions; 1.2 Fanikisha Project; 1.11 Funding Structure of MFIs in Africa, 2005-10 327 $a1.12 Write-Off Ratios and Portfolio at Risk (PAR) (> 30 days)Conclusion; Notes; References; Chapter 2 Mobile Financial Services in Africa: The Next Generation; The Generations of Mobile Payments; 2.1 The Generations of Mobile Financial Services; 2.1 Overlapping Generations of Mobile Payment; The State of Play in Mobile Financial Services; 2.2 African First- and Second-Generation Models; Boxes; 2.1 Offering Additional Services: M-Kesho in Kenya; 2.2 Porter Framework for the Competitive Advantage of Nations; 2.2 The Growth of Mobile Data-Enabled Social Network Platforms: Mxit in South Africa 327 $aActions for Policy Makers and Regulators 2.3 Regulators Drive Interconnection: The Bank of Ghana and a National Payments Switch; Conclusions; Notes; References; Annex 2A: National ID and SIM Registration in Africa; 2A.1 ID and SIM Registration Requirements; Chapter 3 Financing Agriculture: Selected Approaches for the Engagement of Commercial Finance; Finance for All; Finance for Markets; 3.1 Case Study: Buyer and Supplier Finance in Ghanaian Cocoa; 3.2 Case Study: Development of Supplier Finance in Ghana; Finance for Growth; 3.3 Case Study: Dairy Cooperatives in Kenya 327 $a3.4 Case Study: Equity Investment in a Fruit Juice Processing Plant in West Africa Conclusion; Notes; References; PART II: Lengthening Contracts; Chapter 4 Housing Finance; Demand for Housing Finance; 4.1 Mortgage Debt as a Percent of GDP; 4.1 Urban Population and Slums, Selected African Countries; Housing Finance as a Driver of Growth; Housing Needs; 4.2 Annual Housing Needs for Africa; Housing Affordability; 4.3 Household Income Distribution in Africa (US); 4.4 Size of Mortgage Loan Relative to Loan Maturity, Assuming a Constant Monthly Repayment of US1,000; 4.1 Affordable Housing in India 327 $aHousing Finance Systems 330 $aThis edited volume contains eight studies of financial sector challenges in Africa that served as background studies for Financing Africa: Through the Crisis and Beyond. One of the major challenges for African financial systems is to expand financial services to a larger share of the population. The chapters in this area cover microfinance in Africa, the role of technology, reforms of payment infrastructure, and financing agriculture. Two chapters cover challenges in increasing long-term finance; one covers housing finance and the other the role of sovereign wealth fund. The book also contains 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aFinance$xGovernment policy$zAfrica 606 $aFinance$zAfrica 606 $aFinancial services industry$zAfrica 607 $aAfrica$xEconomic conditions$y21st century 615 0$aFinance$xGovernment policy 615 0$aFinance 615 0$aFinancial services industry 676 $a332.1096 701 $aBeck$b Thorsten$01474036 701 $aMaimbo$b Samuel Munzele$0693253 801 0$bIEN/DLC 801 1$bIEN 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786340503321 996 $aFinancial sector development in Africa$93766478 997 $aUNINA