LEADER 04179nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910450140403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-91566-8 010 $a9786610915668 010 $a92-808-7063-7 035 $a(CKB)1000000000033208 035 $a(EBL)253820 035 $a(OCoLC)191039654 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000159025 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11151359 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000159025 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10149899 035 $a(PQKB)11788979 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC253820 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL253820 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10074973 035 $a(OCoLC)57246304 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000033208 100 $a20040330d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFrom sovereign impunity to international accountability$b[electronic resource] $ethe search for justice in a world of states /$fedited by Ramesh Thakur and Peter Malcontent 210 $aTokyo ;$aNew York $cUnited Nations University Press$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (325 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4175-6419-9 311 $a92-808-1100-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrom impunity to accountability : forces of transformation and the changing international human rights context /$rPaul G. Lauren --$tFrom the Nuremberg Charter to the Rome Statute : a historical analysis of the limits of international criminal accountability /$rMichael D. Biddiss --$tInternational criminal justice and the United States : law, culture, power /$rDavid P. Forsythe --$tViolations of human rights and humanitarian law and threats to international peace and security /$rGeorge J. Andreopoulos --$tThe individual within international law /$rMichail Wladimiroff --$tGender-related crimes : a feminist perspective /$rChristine Chinkin --$tInternational criminal courts and the admissibility of evidence /$rBert Swart --$tBalancing the rights of the accused with the imperatives of accountability /$rWilliam A. Schabas --$tWe the people : The position of NGOs in gathering evidence and giving witness at international criminal trials /$rHelen Durham --$tDemocracy, global governance, and the International Criminal Court /$rMadeline H. Morris --$tReconciling fractured societies : an African perspective on the role of judicial prosecutions /$rKingsley Chiedu Moghalu --$tDemystifying Osama Bin Laden : fair trials for international terrorists /$rGeoffrey Robertson --$tThe complexity of international criminal law : looking beyond individual responsibility to the responsibility of organizations, corporations, and states / Andrew Clapham -- The international Criminal Court and the prohibition of the use of children in armed conflict / Julia Maxted -- The international Criminal Court : obstacle or contribution to an effective system of human rights protection? / Cees Flinterman -- Dealing with guilt beyond crime : the strained quality of universal justice / Ramesh Thakur. 330 $aExplores the changing political and human rights context that gave rise to the international norm of individual criminal accountability. It brings together a preeminent group of experts to explore the progress, scope and controversies of international accountability. 606 $aCrimes against humanity 606 $aCriminal liability (International law) 606 $aSovereignty, Violation of 606 $aInternational criminal courts 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aCrimes against humanity. 615 0$aCriminal liability (International law) 615 0$aSovereignty, Violation of. 615 0$aInternational criminal courts. 676 $a345/.0235 701 $aThakur$b Ramesh Chandra$f1948-$0884426 701 $aMalcontent$b P. A. M$g(Petrus Adrianus Maria),$f1965-$0959533 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910450140403321 996 $aFrom sovereign impunity to international accountability$92174362 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05046oam 2200517 450 001 9910823841203321 005 20170523091546.0 010 $a0-12-396543-8 035 $a(OCoLC)853564381 035 $a(MiFhGG)GVRL8DZJ 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001103093 100 $a20140424d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun|---uuuua 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBiomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction $epractical design and theory /$fPrabir Basu, Dalhousee University and Greenfield Research Incorporated 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston $cElsevier/AP$d2013 210 1$aLondon :$cAcademic Press,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (xix, 530 pages) $cillustrations (some color) 225 0 $aGale eBooks 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-396488-1 311 $a1-299-74348-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Biomass and its Products; 1.1.1 Products of Biomass; 1.1.1.1 Chemicals Industries; 1.1.1.2 Energy Industries; 1.1.1.3 Transport Industries; 1.1.1.4 Environmental Industries; 1.2 Biomass Conversion; 1.2.1 Biochemical Conversion; 1.2.2 Thermo chemical Conversion; 1.2.2.1 Combustion; 1.2.2.2 Pyrolysis; 1.2.2.3 Torrefaction; 1.2.2.4 Gasification; 1.2.2.5 Liquefaction; 1.3 Motivation for Biomass Conversion; 1.3.1 Renewability Benefits 327 $a1.3.2 Environmental Benefits 1.3.2.1 Carbon-Neutral Feature of Biomass; 1.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal; 1.3.2.3 Nitrogen Removal; 1.3.2.4 Dust and Hazardous Gases; 1.3.3 Sociopolitical Benefits; 1.4 Historical Background; 1.5 Commercial Attraction of Gasification; 1.5.1 Comparison of Gasification and Combustion; 1.6 Brief Description of Some Biomass Conversion Processes; 1.6.1 Torrefaction; 1.6.2 Pyrolysis; 1.6.3 Combustion of Carbon; 1.6.4 Gasification of Carbon; 1.6.5 Syngas Production; 1.6.6 Methanol Synthesis; 1.6.7 Ammonia Synthesis; 1.6.8 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction; 1.6.9 Methanation Reaction 327 $aSymbols and Nomenclature 2 Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biomass Availability and Products; 2.2.1 Availability Assessment; 2.2.1.1 Energy Crop; 2.2.1.2 Biomass Cost; 2.2.2 Product Revenue from Biomass Conversion; 2.2.2.1 Energy Revenue; 2.2.2.2 Revenue from Chemicals; 2.2.2.3 Revenue from Secondary Fuel Production; 2.3 Biomass Conversion Process Plant Equipment and Cost; 2.3.1 Biomass Collection System; 2.3.2 Preprocessing; 2.3.3 Gasifier Cost; 2.3.4 Torrefier Cost; 2.3.5 Pyrolyzer Cost; 2.3.6 Comparison of Capital Costs; 2.4 Financial Analysis 327 $a2.4.1 Capital Cost Adjustment for Size and Time 2.4.1.1 Scale-Up with Size; 2.4.1.2 Scale-Up with Time; 2.4.2 Capital Requirement; 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Cost; 2.4.3.1 Carrying Charge; 2.4.3.2 Revenue Requirement; Symbols and Nomenclature; 3 Biomass Characteristics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Biomass?; 3.2.1 Biomass Formation; 3.2.2 Types of Biomass; 3.2.2.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.2.2.2 Crops and Vegetables; 3.2.2.3 Waste Biomass; 3.3 Structure of Biomass; 3.3.1 Structure of Wood; 3.3.2 Constituents of Biomass Cells; 3.3.2.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2.2 Hemicellulose; 3.3.2.3 Lignin 327 $a3.4 General Classification of Fuels 3.4.1 Atomic Ratio; 3.4.2 Relative Proportions of Lignocellulosic Components; 3.4.3 Ternary Diagram; 3.5 Properties of Biomass; 3.5.1 Physical Properties; 3.5.1.1 Densities; True Density; Apparent Density; Bulk Density; Biomass (Growth) Density; 3.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties; 3.5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity; 3.5.2.2 Specific Heat; 3.5.2.3 Heat of Formation; 3.5.2.4 Heat of Combustion (Reaction); 3.5.2.5 Heating Value; 3.5.2.6 Ignition Temperature; 3.6 Composition of Biomass; 3.6.1 Ultimate Analysis; 3.6.2 Proximate Analysis; 3.6.2.1 Volatile Matter 327 $a3.6.2.2 Ash 330 $aBiomass is the most widely used non-fossil fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long-term given the increasing proliferation of dedicated energy crops for biofuels. The second edition of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis is enhanced with new topics, such as torrefaction and cofiring, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass conversion systems. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and op 606 $aBiomass gasification 606 $aPyrolysis 615 0$aBiomass gasification. 615 0$aPyrolysis. 676 $a662.88 700 $aBasu$b Prabir$f1946-$015496 801 0$bMiFhGG 801 1$bMiFhGG 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910823841203321 996 $aBiomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction$91550060 997 $aUNINA