LEADER 06858nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910438084003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-299-33663-9 010 $a4-431-54285-X 024 7 $a10.1007/978-4-431-54285-8 035 $a(CKB)2550000001017965 035 $a(EBL)1083428 035 $a(OCoLC)827212359 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000878768 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11465393 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000878768 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10837328 035 $a(PQKB)11409012 035 $a(DE-He213)978-4-431-54285-8 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1083428 035 $a(PPN)168332655 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001017965 100 $a20111018d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDynamics of poverty in rural Bangladesh /$fPk. Md. Motiur Rahman, Noriatsu Matsui, Yukio Ikemoto 205 $a1st ed. 2013. 210 $aTokyo $cSpringer Japan$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (258 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a4-431-54694-4 311 $a4-431-54284-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aDynamics of Poverty in Rural Bangladesh; Preface; Contents; Part I: Poverty Dynamics and Development; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Emergence of Poverty Dynamics as an Area of Enquiry; 1.2 Understanding of Poverty Dynamics; 1.3 The Process of Poverty Dynamics; 1.4 Emerging Issues of Poverty Dynamics; 1.5 Main Objective of the Study; 1.6 Plan of the Book; Chapter 2: Development Policies and Programs for Poverty Alleviation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Macroeconomic Policies and Public Expenditure for Poverty Alleviation; 2.3 Targeted Public Policies and Expenditures for Poverty Alleviation 327 $a2.4 Social Welfare Programs for Poverty Alleviation2.4.1 Ministry of Women's Affairs in Poverty Alleviation; 2.4.2 Ministry of Youth and Sports in Poverty Alleviation; 2.5 Social Safety-Net Programs for Poverty Alleviation; 2.6 Microcredit Program and Poverty Alleviation; 2.6.1 Microcredit Programs of NGOs; 2.6.2 Microcredit Programs of Administrative Ministries/Divisions; 2.6.3 Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB); 2.7 Impacts of the Development Policies and Programs; Part II: Demography, Mobility, and Income; Chapter 3: Population, Household Characteristics and Poverty 327 $a3.1 Introduction3.2 Household Size and Structure; 3.2.1 Household Size; 3.2.2 Household Size and Poverty; 3.3 Dependency Ratio and Sex Ratio; 3.4 Gender of the Household Head; 3.4.1 Household Size and Gender of Household Head; 3.4.2 Marital Status of Household Head; 3.5 Poverty and Disability; Chapter 4: Housing and Household Facilities; 4.1 Structure of the Main House; 4.2 Access to Water, Toilet Facilities and Electricity; 4.2.1 Drinking Water; 4.2.2 Toilet Facilities; 4.2.3 Access to Electricity; 4.3 Fuel Used for Cooking; 4.4 Polychoric PCA Coef fi cients to Assess Housing Stock 327 $aChapter 5: Inter-temporal Mobility of Poverty Status5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods of Mobility Measurement; 5.2.1 The Shorrocks Mobility Index; 5.2.2 Markov Chain Model; 5.3 Limiting Behaviour of Transition Probabilities; 5.4 Limiting Behaviour of Transition Probability Matrix P; 5.5 Mean Duration of Stay in a Particular Poverty Status; 5.6 Test of Hypothesis; 5.7 The Transition Count Matrix by Poverty Status; 5.8 Transition Probabilities and Markov Matrices; 5.9 Empirical Results and Discussion; 5.9.1 Estimated Value of Shorrocks Mobility Index (SMI) 327 $a5.9.2 Actual and Predicted Equilibrium Distribution5.10 Statistical Inference Regarding Equality of Transition Matrices; 5.11 Reasons for Mobility; 5.11.1 Reasons for Upward Mobility; 5.11.1.1 Work Opportunity; 5.11.1.2 Diversification of Income Sources; 5.11.1.3 Crop Diversification and Crop-Related Factors; 5.11.1.4 Social Factors; 5.11.2 Reasons for Downward Mobility; 5.11.2.1 Low Income with High Family Expenditure; 5.11.2.2 High Cost of Treatment; 5.11.2.3 Death of Main Income Earner; 5.11.2.4 Economic Factors Related to Demographics; 5.11.2.5 Natural Disasters; 5.11.2.6 Social Factors 327 $aChapter 6: Distribution of Household Income 330 $aThe study of poverty dynamics is important for effective poverty alleviation policies because the changes in income poverty are also accompanied by changes in socioeconomic factors such as literacy, gender parity in school, health care, infant mortality, and asset holdings. In order to examine the dynamics of poverty, information from 1,212 households in 32 rural villages in Bangladesh was collected in December 2004 and December 2009. This book reports the analytical results from quantitative and qualitative surveys from the same households at two points of time, which yielded the panel data for understanding the changes in situations of poverty. Efforts have been made to include the most recent research from diverse disciplines including economics, statistics, anthropology, education, health care, and vulnerability study. Specifically, findings from logistic regression analysis, polychoric principal component analysis, kernel density function, income mobility with the help of the Markov chain model, and child nutrition status from anthropometric measures have been presented. Asset holdings and liabilities of the chronically poor as well as those of three other economic groups (the descending non-poor, the ascending poor, and the non-poor) are analyzed statistically. The degrees of vulnerability to poverty are examined by years of schooling, landholding size, gender of household head, social capital, and occupation. The multiple logistic regression model was used to identify important risk factors for a household?s vulnerability. In 2009, some of the basic characteristics of the chronically poor were: higher percentage and number of female-headed households, higher dependency ratio, lower levels of education, fewer years of schooling, and limited employment. There was a low degree of mobility of households from one poverty status to another in the  period 2004-2009, implying that the process of economic development and high economic growth in the macroeconomy during this time failed to improve the poverty situation in rural Bangladesh. 606 $aRural poor$zBangladesh 607 $aBangladesh$xRural conditions 615 0$aRural poor 676 $a307.72095492 676 $a362.5095492 700 $aRahman$b Motiur$01750024 701 $aMatsui$b Noriatsu$01740983 701 $aIkemoto$b Yukio$01750025 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910438084003321 996 $aDynamics of poverty in rural Bangladesh$94184533 997 $aUNINA