LEADER 05849nam 2200613Ia 450 001 9910437987003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-4471-4315-9 024 7 $a10.1007/978-1-4471-4315-4 035 $a(CKB)2670000000340887 035 $a(EBL)1106140 035 $a(OCoLC)836406628 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000879008 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11479444 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000879008 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10837629 035 $a(PQKB)10220289 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-4471-4315-4 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1106140 035 $a(PPN)16913508X 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000340887 100 $a20130308d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aHandbook of blood gas/acid-base interpretation /$fAshfaq Hasan 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aNew York $cSpringer$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (345 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4471-4314-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aHandbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base InterpretationSecond Edition; Copyright Page; Dedication; Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Contents; Chapter 1: Gas Exchange; 1.1 The Respiratory Centre; 1.2 Rhythmicity of the Respiratory Centre; 1.3 The Thoracic Neural Receptors; 1.4 Chemoreceptors; 1.5 The Central Chemoreceptors and the Alpha-Stat Hypothesis; 1.6 Peripheral Chemoreceptors; 1.7 Chemoreceptors in Hypoxia; 1.8 Response of the Respiratory Centre to Hypoxemia; 1.9 Respiration; 1.10 Partial Pressure of a Mixture of Gases; 1.10.1 Atmospheric Pressure; 1.10.2 Gas Pressure 327 $a1.11 Partial Pressure of a Gas1.12 The Fractional Concentration of a Gas (F gas); 1.13 Diffusion of Gases; 1.14 Henry's Law and the Solubility of a Gas in Liquid; 1.15 Inhaled Air; 1.16 The O 2 Cascade; 1.17 PaO 2; 1.18 The Modified Alveolar Gas Equation; 1.19 The Determinants of the Alveolar Gas Equation; 1.20 The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) in the Alveolar Air Equation; 1.21 FIO 2, PAO 2, PaO 2 and CaO 2; 1.22 DO 2, CaO 2, SpO 2, PaO 2 and FIO 2; 1.23 O 2 Content: An Illustrative Example; 1.24 Mechanisms of Hypoxemia; 1.25 Processes Dependent Upon Ventilation 327 $a1.26 Defining Hypercapnia (Elevated CO 2)1.27 Factors That Determine PaCO 2 Levels; 1.28 Relationship Between CO 2 Production and Elimination; 1.29 Exercise, CO 2 Production and PaCO 2; 1.30 Dead Space; 1.31 Minute Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation; 1.32 The Determinants of the PaCO 2; 1.33 Alveolar Ventilation in Health and Disease; 1.34 Hypoventilation and PaCO 2; 1.35 The Causes of Hypoventilation; 1.36 Blood Gases in Hypoventilation; 1.37 Decreased CO 2 Production; 1.37.1 Summary: Conditions That Can Result in Hypercapnia; 1.38 V/Q Mismatch: A Hypothetical Model 327 $a1.39 V/Q Mismatch and Shunt1.40 Quantifying Hypoxemia; 1.41 Compensation for Regional V/Q Inequalities; 1.42 Alveolo-Arterial Diffusion of Oxygen (A-aDO 2); 1.43 A-aDO 2 is Difficult to Predict on Intermediate Levels of FIO 2; 1.44 Defects of Diffusion; 1.45 Determinants of Diffusion: DL CO; 1.46 Timing the ABG; 1.47 A-aDO 2 Helps in Differentiating Between the Different Mechanisms of Hypoxemia; Chapter 2: The Non-Invasive Monitoring of Blood Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels; 2.1 The Structure and Function of Haemoglobin; 2.2 Co-operativity; 2.3 The Bohr Effect and the Haldane Effect 327 $a2.4 Oxygenated and Non-oxygenated Hemoglobin2.5 PaO 2 and the Oxy-hemoglobin Dissociation Curve; 2.6 Monitoring of Blood Gases; 2.6.1 Invasive O 2 Monitoring; 2.6.2 The Non-invasive Monitoring of Blood Gases; 2.7 Principles of Pulse Oximetry; 2.8 Spectrophotometry; 2.9 Optical Plethysmography; 2.10 Types of Pulse Oximeters; 2.11 Pulse Oximetry and PaO 2; 2.12 P 50; 2.13 Shifts in the Oxy-hemoglobin Dissociation Curve; 2.14 Oxygen Saturation (SpO 2) in Anemia and Skin Pigmentation; 2.15 Oxygen Saturation (SpO 2) in Abnormal Forms of Hemoglobin; 2.16 Mechanisms of Hypoxemia in Methemoglobinemia 327 $a2.17 Methemoglobinemias: Classification 330 $aAnalysis of blood gas can be a daunting task. However, it is still one of the most useful laboratory tests in managing respiratory and metabolic disorders. Busy medical students have struggled ineffectively with Hasselbach?s modification of the Henderson equation, been torn between the Copenhagen and the Boston schools of thought; and lately, been confronted with the radically different strong-ion approach. In modern medical practice, the health provider?s time is precious: it is crucial to retain focus on those aspects of clinical medicine that are of key importance. Adoption of an algorithm-based approach in the study of topics that are hard to understand (particularly those that are rooted in clinical physiology) can be extremely advantageous. Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base Interpretation, 2nd edition, is organized in a logical sequence of flow charts that introduce concepts and gradually build upon them. This approach facilitates understanding and retention of the subject matter. Medical students, residents, nurses, and practitioners of respiratory and intensive care will find it possible to quickly grasp the principles underlying respiratory and acid-base physiology, and apply them effectively in clinical decision making. 606 $aBlood gases$xAnalysis 606 $aAcid-base imbalances 615 0$aBlood gases$xAnalysis. 615 0$aAcid-base imbalances. 676 $a616.07561 700 $aHasan$b Ashfaq$0999198 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910437987003321 996 $aHandbook of Blood Gas$92292465 997 $aUNINA