LEADER 04568nam 22006615 450 001 9910437857603321 005 20200706053811.0 010 $a3-319-04241-6 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-04241-1 035 $a(CKB)3710000000085787 035 $a(EBL)1698150 035 $a(OCoLC)881165986 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001178337 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11662201 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001178337 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11167832 035 $a(PQKB)11246548 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-04241-1 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1698150 035 $a(PPN)17610920X 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000085787 100 $a20140131d2013 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota /$fby Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg 205 $a1st ed. 2013. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (187 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-319-04240-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aIntroduction: Symbioses and the Hologenome Concept -- Origin of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -- Abundance and Diversity of Microbiota -- Microbiotas are Transmitted between Holobiont Generations -- Microbiotas are Part of Holobiont Fitness -- Variation in Holobionts -- Viruses are part of the Holobiont`s Fitness and Evolution -- Evolution of Holobionts -- Pathogens as Symbionts -- Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Phage Therapy -- Epilogue. 330 $aGroundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept. 606 $aMicrobiology 606 $aEvolutionary biology 606 $aZoology 606 $aMicrobiology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L23004 606 $aEvolutionary Biology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L21001 606 $aZoology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L25007 615 0$aMicrobiology. 615 0$aEvolutionary biology. 615 0$aZoology. 615 14$aMicrobiology. 615 24$aEvolutionary Biology. 615 24$aZoology. 676 $a570 676 $a576.8 676 $a579 676 $a590 700 $aRosenberg$b Eugene$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0848245 702 $aZilber-Rosenberg$b Ilana$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910437857603321 996 $aThe Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota$92537577 997 $aUNINA