LEADER 05480nam 2200601Ia 450 001 9910437604803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a4-431-54222-1 024 7 $a10.1007/978-4-431-54222-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000001046053 035 $a(EBL)1206380 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000878867 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11463735 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000878867 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10836503 035 $a(PQKB)10681265 035 $a(DE-He213)978-4-431-54222-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1206380 035 $a(PPN)169141225 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001046053 100 $a20130219d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEvolution and senses $eopsins, bitter taste, and olfaction /$fYoshinori Shichida ... [et al.] 205 $a1st ed. 2013. 210 $aNew York $cSpringer$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (46 p.) 225 1 $aSpringerBriefs in biology 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a4-431-54221-3 327 $aEvolution and Senses; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Molecular Aspects of Evolution and Diversity of Animal Photoreception; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Visual Pigments and Signal Transduction Cascades in Vertebrates; 1.2.1 Vertebrate Visual Cells and Visual Pigments; 1.2.2 Comparison of Rod and Cone Visual Pigments; 1.2.3 Ascidian Opsin; 1.3 Visual Pigments and Signal Transduction Cascades in Invertebrates; 1.3.1 Signal Transduction in Rhabdomeric Visual Cells; 1.3.2 Signal Transduction in Invertebrate Ciliary Visual Cells; 1.4 Non-visual Opsins and Signal Transduction Cascades 327 $a1.4.1 A Variety of Non-visual Opsins1.4.2 Photoisomerases; 1.4.3 Vertebrate Non-visual Opsins; 1.4.4 Opn4 (Melanopsin); 1.4.5 Opn3 (Encephalopsin, Panopsin); 1.4.6 Opn5 (Neuropsin); 1.5 Diversity of the Molecular Properties of Opsins; 1.5.1 Diversity of Counterion; 1.5.2 Diversity of Photoreaction Process and Active State Stability; 1.5.3 Diversity of Binding Retinal Isomers; 1.6 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 2: Bitter Taste Receptors of Primates; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Analysis of Bitter Taste Receptor Sequences; 2.3 Population Genetics of Chimpanzee TAS2Rs 327 $a2.4 Genomic and Behavioral Analysis of Japanese Macaque TAS2Rs2.5 Taste and Feeding Behaviors in Primate Species; References; Chapter 3: Aquatic Adaptation and the Evolution of the Loss of Olfaction in Amniotes; 3.1 Introduction: Back to the Place Where Vertebrates Originated; 3.2 Olfaction in Cetaceans; 3.3 Olfaction in Sea Snakes; 3.4 General Discussion; References 330 $aThis book focuses on sensing and the evolution of animals. Using the five senses (visual, auditory, and olfactory perception, and taste and touch), animals can receive environmental stimuli and respond to them. Changes in these sensitivities might cause changes in aspects of animals? lives such as habitat, activity timing, and diet?and vice versa. Recent advances in genome and molecular analysis enable us to investigate certain changes in the receptors or mechanisms involved in sensing and provide clues for understanding the evolution of animals related to those changes. The first chapter deals with the molecular evolution of opsins. In addition to the well-known function of opsins as visual receptors, opsins can be related to non-visual photoreception such as photoentrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodism, and background adaptation. Molecular phylogenic studies reveal that all opsin genes have evolved from one ancient opsin gene. The evaluation of the functions of each extant opsin protein based on the molecular features enables us to predict the molecular evolution and diversification of opsins during the evolution of animals. These studies shed light on which amino-acid substitutions cause the functional diversification of opsins and how they have influenced the evolution of animals. The second chapter has to do with bitter taste perception, a key detection mechanism against the ingestion of bioactive substances. Genetic and behavioral evidence reveal the existence of "non-taster" Japanese macaques for specific bitter compounds, which originated in a restricted region of Japan. This finding might provide a clue for elucidating the ecological, evolutionary, and neurobiological aspects of bitter taste perception of primates. The third chapter presents an extreme example of the evolution of olfaction, namely, that fully aquatic amniotes have generally reduced their olfactory capacity considerably compared to their terrestrial relatives. Interestingly, the remaining olfactory abilities are quite different among three fully aquatic amniotes investigated: toothed whales have no nervous system structures that mediate olfaction, but baleen whales can smell in air, and it has been suggested that sea snakes smell underwater. 410 0$aSpringerBriefs in biology. 606 $aAdaptation (Biology) 606 $aEvolution (Biology) 606 $aSenses and sensation 615 0$aAdaptation (Biology) 615 0$aEvolution (Biology) 615 0$aSenses and sensation. 676 $a591.38 701 $aShichida$b Yoshinori$f1951-$01762362 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910437604803321 996 $aEvolution and senses$94202243 997 $aUNINA