LEADER 04227nam 22006371a 450 001 9910426058003321 005 19980710000000.0 010 $a9780472127788 010 $a0472127780 010 $a9780472901746 010 $a0472901745 024 7 $a10.3998/mpub.19253 035 $a(CKB)4100000011630982 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6420063 035 $a(OCoLC)1231651263 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse96726 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6743492 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6743492 035 $a(OCoLC)1283857458 035 $a(MiU)10.3998/mpub.19253 035 $a(ScCtBLL)4ba1048f-09c3-4448-ab4b-0f44c4922a82 035 $a(OCoLC)1250420183 035 $a(ODN)ODN0009815951 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011630982 100 $a19880718d1984 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCareer patterns in the Ch?ing dynasty $ethe office of governor-general /$fRaymond W. Chu, William G. Saywell 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aAnn Arbor, Michigan :$cUniversity of Michigan Press,$d1981. 215 $a1 online resource (1 online resource xvii, 143 pages.) 225 1 $aMichigan Monographs in Chinese Studies ;$vno. 51 311 08$a9780892640553 311 08$a0892640553 320 $aBibliography: pages 135-143. 327 $aCover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter I: Historical Survey and Powers of Office -- Chapter II: Ethnic Composition and Dynastic Control -- Chapter III: Career Patterns -- Chapter IV: Professional Mobility: Determinants of Success and Failure -- Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Percentage of Complete Data by Subject and Ethnic Group -- Appendix 2: Memorials by Lin Tse-hsü and T'ao Chu -- Appendix 3: Official income of Governors-general -- Appendix 4: Examples of Regulations and Penalties for the Conduct of Governors and Governors-general -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography. 330 $aThe office of governor general (tsung-tu) was the highest provincial post throughout the Ch'ing dynasty. As such, it was a vital link in the control of a vast empire by a very small and alien ruling elite. This is primarily a biographical and statistical analysis of the incumbents of that office. By analyzing the biographical data of those who held the position of governor-general, much may be learned about the nature of the office itself. However, the main objective of the study is to provide information on career patterns, that is, the variety of different posts held from the first official appointment to that of governor-general, of an important cross section of successful Ch'ing bureaucrats. By plotting and analyzing the different patterns their official careers took, we should be able to determine what kind of men reached the top of China's provincial and national administration during the final centuries of China's imperial history; the qualifications that were required; the factors which prompted rapid promotion or sudden disgrace. We should also be able to determine the extent to which these and other factors varied markedly among Manchu, Mongol, Chinese Bannerman, and Han incumbents and whether changes throughout the dynasty can be detected in policies concerning the office or in the career patterns of its personnel. If such detection is possible, this study may lend support to the view that late imperial China was not static, but a society undergoing significant changes. 410 0$aMichigan monographs in Chinese studies ;$vno. 51. 606 $aGovernors$zChina$xHistory 606 $aGovernors$zChina$xBiography 607 $aChina$xPolitics and government$y1644-1912 615 0$aGovernors$xHistory. 615 0$aGovernors$xBiography. 676 $a354.5103/16/09 686 $aHIS000000$aSOC000000$aSOC008000$2bisacsh 700 $aChu$b Raymond W.$f1936-2021.$01069358 701 $aSaywell$b William G.$f1936-$01024172 801 0$bMiU 801 1$bMiU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910426058003321 996 $aCareer Patterns in the Ch?ing Dynasty$92555297 997 $aUNINA