LEADER 04181nam 22006131a 450 001 9910416521803321 005 19990430000000.0 010 $a9780472128044 010 $a0472128043 010 $a9780939512171 010 $a0939512173 024 7 $a10.3998/mpub.18687 035 $a(CKB)5590000000000287 035 $a(OCoLC)1184509304 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse91941 035 $a(MiU)10.3998/mpub.18687 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6403501 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6743510 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6743510 035 $a(OCoLC)1247608574 035 $a(ScCtBLL)f625b4f0-2512-4803-b22c-6ae8b46ca599 035 $a(ODN)ODN0009815957 035 $a(EXLCZ)995590000000000287 100 $a19880718d1984 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCollective decision making in rural Japan /$fby Robert C. Marshall 210 1$aAnn Arbor, Michigan :$cUniversity of Michigan Press,$d1984. 215 $a1 online resource (xiii, 178 p.) 225 1 $aMichigan Papers in Japanese Studies ;$vno. 11 311 08$a9780472901999 311 08$a0472901990 320 $aBibliography: pages 171-178. 330 $aThis study is a result of three continuous years of fieldwork in a hamlet in rural Japan. The data presented and analyzed here consist of records from participant observation, formal and informal interviews, casual conversation and formal questionnaires, and public and private documents. The subject of this research is group decision making, and the results of this process are, after all, a matter of public record. The major conclusions of this study are outlined in their simplest and most straightforward form. A hamlet is fundamentally a nexus for the organization of productive exchange among member households, the form of exchange through which two or more parties actively combine their resources to produce something of value not available, or as cheaply available, to any of them separately. Defection from productive exchange agreements by hamlet members is reduced by making access to future valuable transactions and corporate property contingent upon the integrity of each current exchange transaction. This method of combining a common interest in production with contingent access to productive resources is termed mutual investment and is the major source of consensus in hamlet decision making. When only cooperate resources are at issue, decisions regularly result in unanimity. When a course of action can be implemented only if hamlet members relinquish control over individually held resources, a division will emerge among the membership. Whether or not a formal vote is taken, the distribution of differing opinion will be known through more informal means of communication. In all cases of division, by the time the course of action to be implemented is formally announced, the minority in opposition will be extremely small. The question then must be resolved whether those in the minority will participate in the implementation or resign as hamlet members. This book is written with two rather disparate audiences in mind: readers interested primarily in exchange and decision-making phenomenon, on the one hand, and readers interested primarily in the unity of experience represented by the Japanese sensibility, on the other. 410 0$aMichigan papers in Japanese studies ;$vno. 11. 606 $aGroup decision making$zJapan$zAichi-ken$xCase studies 606 $aLocal government$zJapan$zAichi-ken$xCase studies 606 $aVillages$zJapan$zAichi-ken$xCase studies 607 $aAichi-ken (Japan)$xRural conditions$xCase studies 615 0$aGroup decision making$xCase studies. 615 0$aLocal government$xCase studies. 615 0$aVillages$xCase studies. 676 $a302.3/0952/16 686 $aSOC000000$aSOC008000$aSOC026000$2bisacsh 700 $aMarshall$b Robert C.$f1948-$0929781 801 0$bMiU 801 1$bMiU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910416521803321 996 $aCollective decision making in rural Japan$92178377 997 $aUNINA