LEADER 07787nam 22009015 450 001 9910416118603321 005 20240229011642.0 010 $a3-030-51110-3 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4 035 $a(CKB)4100000011384197 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-51110-4 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6305149 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6305149 035 $a(OCoLC)1243549526 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/35187 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011384197 100 $a20200811d2021 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 13$aAn Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI$b[electronic resource] /$fby Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh 205 $a1st ed. 2021. 210 $cSpringer Nature$d2021 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2021. 215 $a1 online resource (XI, 117 p. 18 illus. in color.) 225 1 $aSpringerBriefs in Ethics,$x2211-8101 311 $a3-030-51109-X 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 About the Book -- 1.1 Authors -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 2 What Is AI? -- 2.1 Introduction to AI -- 2.1.1 The Turing Test -- 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI -- 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems -- 2.2 What Is Machine Learning? -- 2.3 What Is a Robot? -- 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act -- 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation. 327 $a7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion. 327 $a12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index. 330 $aThis open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further. 410 0$aSpringerBriefs in Ethics,$x2211-8101 606 $aEngineering ethics 606 $aRobotics 606 $aPsychology, Applied 606 $aEngineering Ethics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/E14030 606 $aRobotics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I21050 606 $aApplied Psychology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/Y20210 610 $aEngineering Ethics 610 $aRobotics 610 $aApplied Psychology 610 $aMoral Philosophy and Applied Ethics 610 $aBehavioral Sciences and Psychology 610 $aAI and ethics 610 $aethics and robotics 610 $adescriptive ethics 610 $arelationship between ethics and law 610 $amachine ethics 610 $amachine meta-ethics 610 $amachine normative ethics 610 $atypes of AI systems 610 $astrong and weak AI 610 $achallenges of AI 610 $aOpen Access 610 $aEthics & moral philosophy 610 $aTechnology: general issues 610 $aArtificial intelligence 610 $aPsychology 615 0$aEngineering ethics. 615 0$aRobotics. 615 0$aPsychology, Applied. 615 14$aEngineering Ethics. 615 24$aRobotics. 615 24$aApplied Psychology. 676 $a601 700 $aBartneck$b Christoph$f1973-$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01650428 702 $aLütge$b Christoph$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aWagner$b Alan$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aWelsh$b Sean$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910416118603321 996 $aAn Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI$93999802 997 $aUNINA