LEADER 05778oam 22013454 450 001 9910961807303321 005 20250426110038.0 010 $a9786612843082 010 $a9781462347704 010 $a1462347703 010 $a9781452725857 010 $a1452725853 010 $a9781282843080 010 $a1282843087 010 $a9781451872354 010 $a1451872356 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055235 035 $a(EBL)1608236 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000940086 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11576138 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940086 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10946363 035 $a(PQKB)10711506 035 $a(OCoLC)466422400 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009088 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608236 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2009088 035 $aWPIEA2009088 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055235 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aChile?s Structural Fiscal Surplus Rule : $eA Model-Based Evaluation /$fMichael Kumhof, Douglas Laxton 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (56 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781451916706 311 08$a1451916701 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. The Model; Figures; 1. Goods and Factor Flows in GIMF; A. Overlapping Generations Households; B. Liquidity Constrained Households; C. Manufacturers; D. Copper Producers; E. Unions; F. Import Agents; G. Distributors; H. Retailers; I. Government; J. Equilibrium and Balance of Payments; III. Calibration; IV. Choice of Countercyclical Coefficients; Tables; 1. Fiscal Policy Rules and Macroeconomic Volatility; 2. Policy Efficiency Frontiers; V. Choice of Surplus Target; 3. SFS Rule - Survey; 4. SFS Rule - Fiscal Accounts; 5. Balanced Budget Rule - Survey 327 $a6. Balanced Budget Rule - Fiscal Accounts7. Aggressive Countercyclical Rule - Survey; 8. Aggressive Countercyclical Rule - Fiscal Accounts; 9. Surplus Target Shock - Survey; 10. Surplus Target Shock - Fiscal; VI. Summary; References; Appendices; 1. Population Growth; 2. Optimality Conditions for OLG Households; 3. Consumption and Wealth; 4. Optimality for Manufacturing Firms 330 3 $aThe paper analyzes Chile's structural balance fiscal rule in the face of copper price shocks originating in foreign copper demand. It uses a version of the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) that includes a copper sector. Two results are obtained. First, Chile's current fiscal rule performs well if the policymaker puts a small weight on output volatility (relative to inflation volatility) in his/her objective function. A more aggressive countercyclical fiscal rule can attain lower output volatility, but there is a trade-off with (somewhat) higher inflation volatility and (much) higher volatility of fiscal variables. Second, given its current stock of government assets, Chile's adoption of a 0.5% surplus target starting in 2008 is desirable from a business cycle perspective. This is because the earlier 1% target would have required significant further asset accumulation that could only have been accomplished at the expense of greater volatility in fiscal instruments and therefore in GDP. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/088 606 $aFiscal policy$zChile 606 $aFinance, Public$zChile 606 $aCement$2imf 606 $aCeramics$2imf 606 $aConsumption$2imf 606 $aCopper$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aEconomics$2imf 606 $aGlass$2imf 606 $aIncome economics$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aInvestment & securities$2imf 606 $aInvestments: Metals$2imf 606 $aLabor economics$2imf 606 $aLabor Economics: General$2imf 606 $aLabor$2imf 606 $aLabour$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aMetals and Metal Products$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aRevenue administration$2imf 606 $aRevenue$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 607 $aChile$2imf 615 0$aFiscal policy 615 0$aFinance, Public 615 7$aCement 615 7$aCeramics 615 7$aConsumption 615 7$aCopper 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aEconomics 615 7$aGlass 615 7$aIncome economics 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aInvestment & securities 615 7$aInvestments: Metals 615 7$aLabor economics 615 7$aLabor Economics: General 615 7$aLabor 615 7$aLabour 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aMetals and Metal Products 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aRevenue administration 615 7$aRevenue 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General 615 7$aWealth 676 $a332.152 700 $aKumhof$b Michael$01815645 701 $aLaxton$b Douglas$01594457 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961807303321 996 $aChile?s Structural Fiscal Surplus Rule$94371260 997 $aUNINA LEADER 08078nam 2202557z- 450 001 9910404081003321 005 20210211 010 $a3-03928-926-8 035 $a(CKB)4100000011302328 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/42125 035 $a(oapen)doab42125 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011302328 100 $a20202102d2020 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aBio-Based Polymers for Engineered Green Materials 210 $cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2020 215 $a1 online resource (568 p.) 311 08$a3-03928-925-X 330 $aWith daily signals, Nature is communicating us that its unconscious wicked exploitation is no more sustainable. Our socio-economic system focuses on production increasing without considering the consequences. We are intoxicating ourselves on a daily bases just to allow the system to perpetuate itself. The time to switch into more natural solutions is come and the scientific community is ready to offer more natural product with comparable performance then the market products we are used to deal with. This book collects a broad set of scientific examples in which research groups from all over the world, aim to replace fossil fuel-based solutions with biomass derived materials. In here, some of the most innovative developments in the field of bio-materials are reported considering topics which goes from biomass valorization to the synthesis of high preforming bio-based materials. 606 $aHistory of engineering and technology$2bicssc 610 $aadsorption 610 $aadsorption capacity 610 $aalginate sponge 610 $aalkali lignin 610 $aanionic surfactants 610 $aAnti-bacterial silver nanoparticle 610 $aantifouling 610 $aArtemisia vulgaris 610 $aasphalt rubber 610 $aautoxidation 610 $abacterial cellulose 610 $abenzoyl cellulose 610 $abio-asphalt 610 $abio-based 610 $aBio-based foams 610 $abio-inspired interfaces 610 $abio-nanocomposites 610 $abiocomposite 610 $aBioflex 610 $abiomass resources 610 $abioplastics 610 $abiopolymers 610 $acationic dyes 610 $acellulose 610 $acellulose nanocrystals 610 $acellulose nanofibers 610 $acement 610 $achemical composition 610 $achitosan 610 $acompatibility 610 $acomposites 610 $acopper coating 610 $acorn starch 610 $acost 610 $acrosslinked microparticles 610 $adelignification 610 $adense structure 610 $adifferential scanning calorimetry 610 $adimensional stability 610 $adimer acid 610 $adissolution 610 $aelectrical resistance 610 $aelectroless deposition 610 $aelectrospinning 610 $aemulsion-solvent evaporation method 610 $aendothermic effect 610 $aenzymatic saccharification 610 $aEscherichia coli 610 $aextrusion-compounding 610 $afeast-famine 610 $afiber-cement 610 $afilm 610 $afilms 610 $afractionation 610 $afree-radical polymerization 610 $agalactoglucomannan 610 $aGC-MS 610 $agraphene oxide 610 $aH2O2 bleaching treatment 610 $aHatscheck process 610 $aheadspace solid phase microextraction 610 $aheat treatment 610 $aheavy metals 610 $ahemicellulose 610 $aHSQC-NMR 610 $ahumidity sensor 610 $ahybrid composites 610 $ahybrid nonisocyanate polyurethane 610 $ahydrogel 610 $ahydrotropic treatment 610 $aimidazolium 610 $aimmobilized TEMPO 610 $aionic liquid 610 $airon chelation 610 $akaempferol 610 $akenaf fiber 610 $aknotwood 610 $alarixol 610 $alatex state 610 $alignin 610 $alignin content 610 $alignin-carbohydrate complex 610 $alignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils 610 $alignocellulose 610 $alignocellulosic nanofibrils 610 $aliquid natural rubber 610 $alyocell fiber 610 $amechanical degradation 610 $amechanical properties 610 $amelt condensation 610 $amembrane 610 $ametal binding 610 $ametal chloride 610 $amethylene blue 610 $aMicrobial nutrient 610 $amicrocellulose fiber 610 $amicroencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) 610 $amicrostructure 610 $amixed microbial cultures 610 $amixing sequence 610 $an/a 610 $ananobiocomposites 610 $ananocellulose fibers 610 $ananocelluloses 610 $ananoclays 610 $anatural fibers 610 $anuclear magnetic resonance 610 $aone-pot synthesis 610 $aONP fibers 610 $aorange waste 610 $aosteoblast proliferation 610 $apaper-based scaffolds 610 $aPeptone 610 $aPHA 610 $aPHBV 610 $aphenanthrene 610 $aphotodegradation 610 $aphysical property 610 $aphysicochemical properties 610 $apollutant adsorbents 610 $apoly(lactic acid) 610 $apoly(lactic acid) and composite films 610 $apolycaprolactone 610 $apolydopamine coating 610 $apolyhydroxyalkanoates 610 $apolylactic acid 610 $apolylactic acid (PLA) 610 $apolymeric composites 610 $apolysaccharides 610 $aporosity 610 $aporous structure 610 $aprecipitation 610 $apulp fibers 610 $apyrene 610 $apyrolysis mechanism 610 $arecycling 610 $aresource recovery 610 $arobust fiber network 610 $aSAXS 610 $ascanning electron microscope 610 $asensitivity 610 $asilanization 610 $asilkworm cocoons 610 $askincare 610 $aSolanyl 610 $asolution casting 610 $asolvent- and catalyst-free 610 $aStaphylococcus aureus 610 $astearoyl cellulose 610 $astorage stability 610 $astrain sensor 610 $astructural plastics 610 $astructure-property relationship 610 $asurface modification 610 $atannin 610 $atannin polymer 610 $atannin-furanic foam 610 $ataxifolin 610 $aTEMPO oxidation 610 $athermal degradation 610 $athermal gravimetric analysis 610 $athermal properties 610 $athermal stability 610 $athermoplastic starch 610 $athermosetting polymers 610 $aTiO2 anatase 610 $atissue engineering 610 $atoughening 610 $atransparent wood 610 $atransport properties 610 $atung oil 610 $atwo-step lyophilization 610 $aultrafiltration 610 $aunsaturated polyester resins 610 $aUV light 610 $avibrational spectroscopy 610 $avolatiles 610 $awaste biomass 610 $awastewater treatments 610 $awater resistance 610 $aWAXS 610 $awood 610 $awood modification 610 $aworkability 610 $aX-ray diffraction 615 7$aHistory of engineering and technology 700 $aSchnabel$b Thomas$4auth$01268705 702 $aTondi$b Gianluca$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910404081003321 996 $aBio-Based Polymers for Engineered Green Materials$93039221 997 $aUNINA