LEADER 05541nam 2200685 a 450 001 9910144118703321 005 20170815111120.0 010 $a1-281-84100-5 010 $a9786611841003 010 $a0-470-77077-5 010 $a0-470-77078-3 035 $a(CKB)1000000000549390 035 $a(EBL)366774 035 $a(OCoLC)476201818 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000206842 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11180050 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000206842 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10246504 035 $a(PQKB)10229985 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC366774 035 $a(PPN)263348644 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000549390 100 $a20080124d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMultivariable model-building$b[electronic resource] $ea pragmatic approach to regression analysis based on fractional polynomials for modelling continuous variables /$fPatrick Royston, Willi Sauerbrei 210 $aChichester, England ;$aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley$dc2008 215 $a1 online resource (323 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in probability and statistics 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-02842-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 271-283) and index. 327 $aMultivariable Model-Building; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Real-Life Problems as Motivation for Model Building; 1.1.1 Many Candidate Models; 1.1.2 Functional Form for Continuous Predictors; 1.1.3 Example 1: Continuous Response; 1.1.4 Example 2: Multivariable Model for Survival Data; 1.2 Issues in Modelling Continuous Predictors; 1.2.1 Effects of Assumptions; 1.2.2 Global versus Local Influence Models; 1.2.3 Disadvantages of Fractional Polynomial Modelling; 1.2.4 Controlling Model Complexity; 1.3 Types of Regression Model Considered; 1.3.1 Normal-Errors Regression 327 $a1.3.2 Logistic Regression1.3.3 Cox Regression; 1.3.4 Generalized Linear Models; 1.3.5 Linear and Additive Predictors; 1.4 Role of Residuals; 1.4.1 Uses of Residuals; 1.4.2 Graphical Analysis of Residuals; 1.5 Role of Subject-Matter Knowledge in Model Development; 1.6 Scope of Model Building in our Book; 1.7 Modelling Preferences; 1.7.1 General Issues; 1.7.2 Criteria for a Good Model; 1.7.3 Personal Preferences; 1.8 General Notation; 2 Selection of Variables; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Background; 2.3 Preliminaries for a Multivariable Analysis; 2.4 Aims of Multivariable Models 327 $a2.5 Prediction: Summary Statistics and Comparisons2.6 Procedures for Selecting Variables; 2.6.1 Strength of Predictors; 2.6.2 Stepwise Procedures; 2.6.3 All-Subsets Model Selection Using Information Criteria; 2.6.4 Further Considerations; 2.7 Comparison of Selection Strategies in Examples; 2.7.1 Myeloma Study; 2.7.2 Educational Body-Fat Data; 2.7.3 Glioma Study; 2.8 Selection and Shrinkage; 2.8.1 Selection Bias; 2.8.2 Simulation Study; 2.8.3 Shrinkage to Correct for Selection Bias; 2.8.4 Post-estimation Shrinkage; 2.8.5 Reducing Selection Bias; 2.8.6 Example; 2.9 Discussion 327 $a2.9.1 Model Building in Small Datasets2.9.2 Full, Pre-specified or Selected Model?; 2.9.3 Comparison of Selection Procedures; 2.9.4 Complexity, Stability and Interpretability; 2.9.5 Conclusions and Outlook; 3 Handling Categorical and Continuous Predictors; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Types of Predictor; 3.2.1 Binary; 3.2.2 Nominal; 3.2.3 Ordinal, Counting, Continuous; 3.2.4 Derived; 3.3 Handling Ordinal Predictors; 3.3.1 Coding Schemes; 3.3.2 Effect of Coding Schemes on Variable Selection; 3.4 Handling Counting and Continuous Predictors: Categorization 327 $a3.4.1 'Optimal' Cutpoints: A Dangerous Analysis3.4.2 Other Ways of Choosing a Cutpoint; 3.5 Example: Issues in Model Building with Categorized Variables; 3.5.1 One Ordinal Variable; 3.5.2 Several Ordinal Variables; 3.6 Handling Counting and Continuous Predictors: Functional Form; 3.6.1 Beyond Linearity; 3.6.2 Does Nonlinearity Matter?; 3.6.3 Simple versus Complex Functions; 3.6.4 Interpretability and Transportability; 3.7 Empirical Curve Fitting; 3.7.1 General Approaches to Smoothing; 3.7.2 Critique of Local and Global Influence Models; 3.8 Discussion; 3.8.1 Sparse Categories 327 $a3.8.2 Choice of Coding Scheme 330 $aMultivariable regression models are of fundamental importance in all areas of science in which empirical data must be analyzed. This book proposes a systematic approach to building such models based on standard principles of statistical modeling. The main emphasis is on the fractional polynomial method for modeling the influence of continuous variables in a multivariable context, a topic for which there is no standard approach. Existing options range from very simple step functions to highly complex adaptive methods such as multivariate splines with many knots and penalisation. This new approa 410 0$aWiley series in probability and statistics. 606 $aRegression analysis 606 $aPolynomials 606 $aVariables (Mathematics) 615 0$aRegression analysis. 615 0$aPolynomials. 615 0$aVariables (Mathematics) 676 $a519.5 676 $a519.536 700 $aRoyston$b Patrick$0854305 701 $aSauerbrei$b Willi$0854306 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910144118703321 996 $aMultivariable model-building$91907738 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02124nam 2200409 450 001 9910375691603321 005 20230825073641.0 035 $a(CKB)4100000007597600 035 $a(NjHacI)994100000007597600 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007597600 100 $a20230825d2018 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aICDEL 2018 $eproceedings of 2018 International Conference on Distance Education and Learning : Beijing, China, May 26-28, 2018 /$fAssociation for Computing Machinery ; ACM Digital Library, contributor 210 1$aNew York NY :$cACM,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (183 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aACM international conference proceedings series 311 $a1-4503-6431-4 330 $aIt has been my honor to chair this prestigious conference, a very relevant event in the field. Even though Distance Education has been an object of study for many years, there is still wide need of research and development in this f ield, because ever new issues emerge and new applications are developed. ICDEL 2018 aimed to contribute in this respect by bringing together people interested in Distance Education and Learning from education professionals to policy makers, in areas that range from theoretical aspects to the practical design and ethics of distance education, as well as open & e-learning technological issues, domain applications and curriculum-related issues. 410 0$aACM international conference proceedings series. 606 $aDistance education$vCongresses 606 $aInternet in education$vCongresses 606 $aMobile communication systems in education$vCongresses 615 0$aDistance education 615 0$aInternet in education 615 0$aMobile communication systems in education 676 $a374.4 712 02$aAssociation for Computing Machinery-Digital Library, 801 0$bNjHacI 801 1$bNjHacl 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910375691603321 996 $aICDEL 2018$93470028 997 $aUNINA