LEADER 04683nam 2200985z- 450 001 9910372784003321 005 20231214133500.0 010 $a3-03928-097-X 035 $a(CKB)4100000010163786 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/57235 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000010163786 100 $a20202102d2020 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aProtection Strategy against Spruce Budworm 210 $cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2020 215 $a1 electronic resource (220 p.) 311 $a3-03928-096-1 330 $aSpruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks are a dominant natural disturbance in the forests of Canada and northeastern USA. Widespread, severe defoliation by this native insect results in large-scale mortality and growth reductions of spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests, and largely determines future age?class structure and productivity. The last major spruce budworm outbreak defoliated over 58 million hectares in the 1970s?1980s, and caused 32?43 million m3/year of timber volume losses from 1978 to 1987, in Canada. Management to deal with spruce budworm outbreaks has emphasized forest protection, spraying registered insecticides to prevent defoliation and keep trees alive. Other tactics can include salvage harvesting, altering harvest schedules to remove the most susceptible stands, or reducing future susceptibility by planting or thinning. Chemical insecticides are no longer used, and protection strategies use biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) or tebufenozide, a specific insect growth regulator. Over the last five years, a $30 million research project has tested another possible management tactic, termed an ?early intervention strategy?, aimed at area-wide management of spruce budworm populations. This includes intensive monitoring to detect ?hot spots? of rising budworm populations before defoliation occurs, targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread, and detailed research into target and non-target insect effects. The objective of this Special Issue is to compile the most recent research on protection strategies against spruce budworm. A series of papers will describe results and prospects for the use of an early intervention strategy in spruce budworm and other insect management. 610 $apheromone mating disruption 610 $aspruce budworm 610 $ainsecticide application 610 $amulti-spectral remote sensing 610 $asimulation 610 $aapparent fecundity 610 $aChoristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) 610 $aPinaceae 610 $aChoristoneura fumiferana 610 $acircadian rhythm 610 $aforest protection 610 $aearly intervention strategy 610 $ainsect population management 610 $amoth 610 $asurvival 610 $aPhialocephala scopiformis 610 $amoths 610 $aoptimized treatment design 610 $aspatial-temporal patterns 610 $amonitoring 610 $amodelling 610 $ascience communication 610 $adecision support system 610 $apopulation control 610 $aarea-wide management 610 $atortricidae 610 $ainsect susceptibility 610 $aegg recruitment 610 $aannual defoliation 610 $atreatment threshold 610 $aMaine 610 $adispersal 610 $agrowth rate 610 $aforest pests 610 $aChoristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 610 $amixed effect models 610 $aintertree variance 610 $aendophytic fungi 610 $aAcadian region 610 $ainsecticides 610 $adefoliation 610 $aAbies balsamea 610 $aPicea glauca 610 $aimmigration 610 $adefoliation prediction 610 $aearly intervention 610 $aQuebec 610 $aphenology 610 $aaerobiology 610 $aeconomic losses 610 $aspatial autocorrelation 610 $afoliage protection 610 $acomputable general equilibrium model 610 $aeconomic and ecological cost: benefit analyses 610 $ahardwood content 610 $aplant tolerance 610 $aLepidoptera 610 $amigration 700 $aMacLean$b David$4auth$01288174 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910372784003321 996 $aProtection Strategy against Spruce Budworm$93020673 997 $aUNINA