LEADER 03775nam 2200625 450 001 9910818348203321 005 20170821194404.0 010 $a1-78238-271-2 024 7 $a10.1515/9781782382713 035 $a(CKB)3710000000103675 035 $a(EBL)1375276 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001184705 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12521628 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001184705 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11196989 035 $a(PQKB)11011531 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1375276 035 $a(DE-B1597)637562 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781782382713 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000103675 100 $a20140414h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMorality and economic growth in rural West Africa $ea descriptive economics of the common people of Hausaland /$fPaul Clough 210 1$aNew York :$cBerghahn Books,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (468 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-78238-270-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Illustrations; Preface; Acknowledgements; Maps; Introduction - Methods of Fieldwork and Analysis; Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Political Economy and Culture of Marmara Hamlet; Chapter 2 - The Cultural Logic of Noncapitalist Accumulation; Chapter 3 - Land Distribution and Land Transfers; Chapter 4 - Farm Labour; Chapter 5 - Credit Relations and Social Consumption; Chapter 6 - Interregional Produce Markets; Chapter 7 - Rural Produce Traders and Wealth Acquisition; Chapter 8 - Economic Change from 1985 to 1998; Chapter 9 - Continuity, Change - and Growth 327 $aAppendix 1 - Basic Information on Household Heads, Marmara, 1979Appendix 2 - Innovation, Agricultural Extension and Yields; Appendix 3 - All Landholding Household Heads Grouped by Labour Practices During the Weeding Operation in the Farming Season of 1978; Appendix 4 - Household Consumption of Food Grain and 'Soup Ingredients' (Cefane); Appendix 5 - Trading Purchases, Sales and Margins of M., 1978; Appendix 6 - Land Sales and Labour Use, Marmara, 1978 and 1979; Glossary of Key Hausa Words in the Text; Bibliography; Index 330 $a The land, labor, credit, and trading institutions of Marmara village, in Hausaland, northern Nigeria, are detailed in this study through fieldwork conducted in two national economic cycles - the petroleum-boom prosperity (in 1977-1979), and the macro-economic decline (in 1985, 1996 and 1998). The book unveils a new paradigm of economic change in the West African savannah, demonstrating how rural accumulation in a polygynous society actually limits the extent of inequality while at the same time promoting technical change. A uniquely African non-capitalist trajectory of accumulation subordi 606 $aHausa (African people)$zNigeria, Northern$xEconomic conditions$y20th century 606 $aHausa (African people)$xSocial networks$zNigeria, Northern 606 $aEconomic development$zNigeria, Northern 606 $aSocial networks$zNigeria, Northern 607 $aNigeria, Northern$xEconomic conditions$y20th century 607 $aNigeria, Northern$xSocial conditions$y20th century 615 0$aHausa (African people)$xEconomic conditions 615 0$aHausa (African people)$xSocial networks 615 0$aEconomic development 615 0$aSocial networks 676 $a330.966976 700 $aClough$b Paul$f1948-$01142245 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910818348203321 996 $aMorality and economic growth in rural West Africa$93938876 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06211nam 22013093a 450 001 9910346853503321 005 20250203235432.0 010 $a9783038974154 010 $a3038974153 024 8 $a10.3390/books978-3-03897-415-4 035 $a(CKB)4920000000095132 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/53145 035 $a(ScCtBLL)6532702f-3bcd-449f-9ef0-46bd4bb52982 035 $a(OCoLC)1163822363 035 $a(oapen)doab53145 035 $a(EXLCZ)994920000000095132 100 $a20250203i20192019 uu 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aMEMS Accelerometers$fIbrahim (Abe) M. Elfadel, Ha Duong Ngo, Mahmoud Rasras 210 $cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2019 210 1$aBasel, Switzerland :$cMDPI,$d2019. 215 $a1 electronic resource (252 p.) 311 08$a9783038974147 311 08$a3038974145 330 $aMicro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices are widely used for inertia, pressure, and ultrasound sensing applications. Research on integrated MEMS technology has undergone extensive development driven by the requirements of a compact footprint, low cost, and increased functionality. Accelerometers are among the most widely used sensors implemented in MEMS technology. MEMS accelerometers are showing a growing presence in almost all industries ranging from automotive to medical. A traditional MEMS accelerometer employs a proof mass suspended to springs, which displaces in response to an external acceleration. A single proof mass can be used for one- or multi-axis sensing. A variety of transduction mechanisms have been used to detect the displacement. They include capacitive, piezoelectric, thermal, tunneling, and optical mechanisms. Capacitive accelerometers are widely used due to their DC measurement interface, thermal stability, reliability, and low cost. However, they are sensitive to electromagnetic field interferences and have poor performance for high-end applications (e.g., precise attitude control for the satellite). Over the past three decades, steady progress has been made in the area of optical accelerometers for high-performance and high-sensitivity applications but several challenges are still to be tackled by researchers and engineers to fully realize opto-mechanical accelerometers, such as chip-scale integration, scaling, low bandwidth, etc. This Special Issue on "MEMS Accelerometers" seeks to highlight research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on: Novel designs, fabrication platforms, characterization, optimization, and modeling of MEMS accelerometers. Alternative transduction techniques with special emphasis on opto-mechanical sensing. Novel applications employing MEMS accelerometers for consumer electronics, industries, medicine, entertainment, navigation, etc. Multi-physics design tools and methodologies, including MEMS-electronics co-design. Novel accelerometer technologies and 9DoF IMU integration. Multi-accelerometer platforms and their data fusion. 606 $aHistory of engineering and technology$2bicssc 610 $amicromachining 610 $aturbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate 610 $amicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS) piezoresistive sensor chip 610 $aWiFi-RSSI radio map 610 $astep detection 610 $abuilt-in self-test 610 $aregularity of activity 610 $amotion analysis 610 $agait analysis 610 $afrequency 610 $aacceleration 610 $aMEMS accelerometer 610 $azero-velocity update 610 $arehabilitation assessment 610 $avacuum microelectronic 610 $adance classification 610 $aKerr noise 610 $aMEMS 610 $amicro machining 610 $aMEMS sensors 610 $astereo visual-inertial odometry 610 $aself-coaching 610 $aminiaturization 610 $awavelet packet 610 $athree-axis acceleration sensor 610 $aMEMS-IMU accelerometer 610 $aperformance characterization 610 $aelectrostatic stiffness 610 $adelaying mechanism 610 $athree-axis accelerometer 610 $aangular-rate sensing 610 $aindoor positioning 610 $awhispering-gallery-mode 610 $asensitivity 610 $aheat convection 610 $amulti-axis sensing 610 $aL-shaped beam 610 $astride length estimation 610 $aactivity monitoring 610 $aprocess optimization 610 $amismatch of parasitic capacitance 610 $aelectromechanical delta-sigma 610 $acathode tips array 610 $ain situ self-testing 610 $ahigh acceleration sensor 610 $adeep learning 610 $amarine environmental monitoring 610 $aaccelerometer 610 $afault tolerant 610 $ahostile environment 610 $amicro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 610 $alow-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) 610 $aclassification of horse gaits 610 $aTaguchi method 610 $ainterface ASIC 610 $acapacitive transduction 610 $adigital resonator 610 $asafety and arming system 610 $ainertial sensors 610 $aMEMS technology 610 $asleep time duration detection 610 $afield emission 610 $aprobe 610 $apiezoresistive effect 610 $acapacitive accelerometer 610 $aauto-encoder 610 $aMEMS-IMU 610 $abody sensor network 610 $aoptical microresonator 610 $awireless 610 $ahybrid integrated 610 $amode splitting 615 7$aHistory of engineering and technology 700 $aElfadel$b Ibrahim (Abe) M$01766848 702 $aNgo$b Ha Duong 702 $aRasras$b Mahmoud 801 0$bScCtBLL 801 1$bScCtBLL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910346853503321 996 $aMEMS Accelerometers$94319504 997 $aUNINA