LEADER 00929nam0-22002891i-450- 001 990003941180403321 010 $a88-458-0826-2 035 $a000394118 035 $aFED01000394118 035 $a(Aleph)000394118FED01 035 $a000394118 100 $a20030204d2002----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aita 200 1 $aIndicatori del lavoro e retribuzioni contrattuali$edati mensili anni 2000-2002, settembre 2002$fIstituto nazionale di statistica 210 $aRoma$cIstat$d2002 215 $a1 floppy disk 225 1 $aInformazioni$edati congiunturali$fIstat$isettore lavoro$v44 610 0 $aStatistiche del lavoro$aItalia$a2000-2002 676 $a331.7 710 2$aIstat$0493306 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990003941180403321 952 $aCDI-I-44d-02-2$b9244$fMAS 959 $aMAS 996 $aIndicatori del lavoro e retribuzioni contrattuali$9506832 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03588nam 2200457z- 450 001 9910346753803321 005 20210211 035 $a(CKB)4920000000094176 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/41577 035 $a(oapen)doab41577 035 $a(EXLCZ)994920000000094176 100 $a20202102d2018 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAugmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume II: Neurostimulation and Pharmacological Approaches 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2018 215 $a1 online resource (403 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a2-88945-615-3 330 $aThe Volume II is entitled "Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches". This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term "noninvasive" misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed. 517 $aAugmentation of Brain Function 606 $aNeurosciences$2bicssc 610 $aBrain machine interface (BMI) 610 $aimplants 610 $amicrocircuits 610 $aneural networks 610 $aneuroprosthesis 610 $anootropics 610 $atDCStranscranial direct current stimulation 610 $aTMS 615 7$aNeurosciences 700 $aManuel F. Casanova$4auth$01278729 702 $aIoan Opris$4auth 702 $aMikhail Lebedev$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910346753803321 996 $aAugmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume II: Neurostimulation and Pharmacological Approaches$93033076 997 $aUNINA