LEADER 05230nam 2200661 450 001 9910144418003321 005 20221205222822.0 010 $a1-4443-5805-7 010 $a1-282-03441-3 010 $a9786612034411 010 $a1-4443-0118-7 010 $a1-4443-0119-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000687429 035 $a(EBL)416401 035 $a(OCoLC)437097457 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000140723 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11132482 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000140723 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10053491 035 $a(PQKB)10519462 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC416401 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6992834 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6992834 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000687429 100 $a20221205d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDoing optimality theory $eapplying theory to data /$fJohn J. McCarthy 210 1$aMalden, MA :$cBlackwell Publishing Ltd,$d[2008] 210 4$d©2008 215 $a1 online resource (322 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4051-5136-6 311 $a1-4051-5135-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAcknowledgments; Read This First!; Abbreviations; 1; An Introduction to Optimality Theory; 1.1 How OT Began; 1.2 Why Must Constraints Be Violable?; 1.3 The Nature of Constraints in OT; 1.4 Candidate Sets: OT's GEN Component; 1.5 Candidate Evaluation: OT's EVAL Component; 1.6 Constraint Activity; 1.7 Differences between Languages; 1.8 The Version of OT Discussed in This Book; 1.9 Suggestions for Further Reading; 2; How to Construct an Analysis; 2.1 Where to Begin; 2.1.1 Choosing a problem to work on; 2.1.2 Formulating a descriptive generalization 327 $a2.1.3 Getting from the generalization to an analysis2.1.4 Summary; 2.2 How to Rank Constraints; 2.3 Working through an Analysis in Phonology; 2.4 The Limits of Ranking Arguments; 2.5 Candidates in Ranking Arguments; 2.6 Harmonic Bounding; 2.7 Constraints in Ranking Arguments; 2.8 Inputs in Ranking Arguments; 2.9 Working through an Analysis in Syntax; 2.10 Finding and Fixing Problems in an Analysis; 2.10.1 How to check an analysis for problems; 2.10.2 Problem 1: An invalid ranking argument; 2.10.3 Problem 2: A ranking paradox; 2.10.4 Problem 3: Dealing with richness of the base 327 $a2.11 Constraint Ranking by Algorithm and Computer2.12 The Logic of Constraint Ranking and Its Uses; 3; How to Write Up an Analysis; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 How to Organize a Paper; 3.3 How to Present an OT Analysis; 3.4 The Responsibilities of Good Scholarship; 3.5 How to Write Clearly; 3.6 General Advice about Research Topics; 4; Developing New Constraints; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 When Is It Necessary to Modify CON?; 4.3 How to Discover a New Constraint; 4.4 How to Define a New Constraint; 4.5 Properties of Markedness Constraints; 4.5.1 How markedness constraints assign violations 327 $a4.5.2 Constraints that are evaluated gradiently4.5.3 Constraints derived by harmonic alignment; 4.6 Properties of Faithfulness Constraints; 4.6.1 Correspondence theory; 4.6.2 Faithfulness to features; 4.6.3 Positional faithfulness; 4.6.4 Faithfulness constraints in the early OT literature; 4.7 Justifying Constraints; 4.7.1 The three ways of justifying a constraint; 4.7.2 Justifying constraints formally; 4.7.3 Justifying constraints functionally; 4.8 A Classified List of Common Phonological Markedness Constraints; 5; Language Typology and Universals; 5.1 Factorial Typology 327 $a5.2 Language Universals and How to Explain Them in OT5.3 Investigating the Factorial Typology of a Constraint Set; 5.4 Using Factorial Typology to Test New Constraints; 5.5 Factorial Typology When CON Isn't Fully Known; 5.6 How to Proceed from Typology to Constraints; 6; Some Current Research Questions; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 How Does a Language Vary?; 6.3 How is Language Acquired?; 6.4 Does OT Need Derivations?; 6.5 How Is Ungrammaticality Accounted For?; 6.6 Is Faithfulness Enough?; Afterword; References; Constraint Index; Language Index; Subject Index 330 $aDoing Optimality Theory brings together examples and practical, detailed advice for undergraduates and graduate students working in linguistics. Given that the basic premises of Optimality Theory are markedly different from other linguistic theories, this book presents the analytic techniques and new ways of thinking and theorizing that are required.Explains how to do analysis and research using Optimality Theory (OT) - a branch of phonology that has revolutionized the field since its conception in 1993 Offers practical, in-depth advice for students and rese 606 $aOptimality theory (Linguistics) 606 $aConstraints (Linguistics) 615 0$aOptimality theory (Linguistics) 615 0$aConstraints (Linguistics) 676 $a415 686 $a17.51$2bcl 700 $aMcCarthy$b John J.$f1953-$0944677 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910144418003321 996 $aDoing optimality theory$92178261 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02422nam 22004813a 450 001 9910346034803321 005 20250513223644.0 035 $a(CKB)4920000000093757 035 $a(OAPEN)1001918 035 $a(ScCtBLL)c8e69404-3c15-4fe8-a8c0-28be9691f1ee 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/29857 035 $a(Perlego)2328301 035 $a(oapen)doab29857 035 $a(EXLCZ)994920000000093757 100 $a20211214i20182019 uu 101 0 $ager 135 $auuuuu---auuuu 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 04$aDie Universität Innsbruck in der Ära der Thun-Hohenstein'schen Reformen 1848-1860 : $eAufbruch in eine neue Zeit /$fChristof Aichner 210 $cBöhlau$d2018 210 1$a[s.l.] :$cBo?hlau,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (1 p.) 225 1 $aVeröffentlichungen der Kommission für Neuere Geschichte Österreichs 311 08$a9783205208471 311 08$a3205208471 330 $aIm Jahr 1854 empfingen die Innsbrucker Studenten den Minister fu?r Kultus und Unterricht Leo Thun-Hohenstein bei seiner Ankunft in Innsbruck mit einem großen Fackelumzug und huldigten dem Minister mit selbstgedichteten Liedern. Sie feierten ihn als neuen Prometheus, als denjenigen, der durch seine Universita?tsreformen die o?sterreichischen Universita?ten mit dem Licht der Aufkla?rung erfu?llt habe und die Universita?ten in eine neue A?ra fu?hren werde.Aichner untersucht die Zeitenwende der o?sterreichischen Universita?ten am Beispiel der Universita?t Innsbruck. Im Zentrum der Studie steht die Umsetzung der Thun-Hohenstein´schen Reformen im Spannungsfeld von gesamtstaatlichen Interessen und lokalen Voraussetzungen. Behandelt werden außerdem die Auswirkungen der Reform in einer mittel- und langfristigen Perspektive. 606 $a20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000$2bicssc 610 $aHistory 610 $aGeschichte der Neuzeit 610 $aUniversität 610 $aÖsterreich 610 $a19. Jahrhundert 610 $a1DFA 615 7$a20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 700 $aAichner$b Christof$01070800 801 0$bScCtBLL 801 1$bScCtBLL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910346034803321 996 $aDie Universita?t Innsbruck in der A?ra der Thun-Hohenstein'schen Reformen 1848-1860$92565116 997 $aUNINA