LEADER 03126nam 2200409z- 450 001 9910345962503321 005 20210211 035 $a(CKB)4920000000094089 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/40223 035 $a(oapen)doab40223 035 $a(EXLCZ)994920000000094089 100 $a20202102d2019 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAdvancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2019 215 $a1 online resource (103 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a2-88945-706-0 330 $aLignocellulosic biomass has great potentials as an alternative feedstock for fuels and chemicals. For effective utilization of biomass, biomass recalcitrance, which is inherent resistance of plant cell walls to biological deconstruction, needs to be reduced. Among many factors in biomass, lignin is significantly related to biomass recalcitrance. Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, is the largest non-carbohydrate component (15-40% dry weight) in most terrestrial plants. In nature, it provides a structural integrity, facilitates water and nutrient transport, and protects plants from microbial attack. From a different angle, lignin significantly contributes to biomass recalcitrance, so it is necessary to reduce and/or modify the lignin for effective conversion of biomass. Genetic modifications of the lignin biosynthetic pathway and lignin-targeting pretreatments have been developed to minimize the lignin-induced biomass recalcitrance. High carbon content of lignin also renders it an attractive feedstock for many applications. About 100,000 to 200,000 tons of lignin can be generated per year as a byproduct from cellulosic ethanol production, so valorization of these lignins could be one of keys for achieving economic biorefinery. However, investigations of lignin conversion have not been accomplished as the utilization of carbohydrates in biomass. Depolymerization of lignin is still challenging because of its broad distribution of bond strengths, recondensation of low-molecular species, and poor product selectivity. Diverse biological and thermochemical depolymerization methods have been investigated to overcome these barriers. In this Research Topic, recent advancements in biomass recalcitrance by effective utilization of lignin are introduced. 517 $aAdvancements in Biomass Recalcitrance 606 $aHistory of engineering and technology$2bicssc 610 $aBio-derived Chemicals 610 $aBiofuels 610 $abiorefining 610 $acharacterization 610 $amaterials 615 7$aHistory of engineering and technology 700 $aArthur J. Ragauskas$4auth$01281232 702 $aChang Geun Yoo$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910345962503321 996 $aAdvancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals$93018402 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01956oam 2200577zu 450 001 9910682576103321 005 20210803234638.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000729383 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000352498 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12153815 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000352498 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10278995 035 $a(PQKB)10955846 035 $a(OCoLC)52967146 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000729383 100 $a20160829d2003 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe lessons of history : the Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cStrategic Studies Institute U S Army War College$d2003 215 $a1 online resource (v, 456 pages) $cillustrations, map 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9781584871262 311 08$a1584871261 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 517 0 $aChinese People's Liberation Army at 75. 531 $aLESSONS OF HISTORY 606 $aArmies$2HILCC 606 $aMilitary & Naval Science$2HILCC 606 $aLaw, Politics & Government$2HILCC 607 $aChina$xArmed Forces$xHistory$vCongresses 607 $aChina$xMilitary policy$vCongresses 608 $aHistory.$2fast 615 7$aArmies 615 7$aMilitary & Naval Science 615 7$aLaw, Politics & Government 676 $a355/.00951 702 $aBurkitt$b Laurie 702 $aWortzel$b Larry M. 702 $aScobell$b Andrew 712 02$aAmerican Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research 712 02$aHeritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.) 712 02$aArmy War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies Institute, 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910682576103321 996 $aThe lessons of history : the Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75$93083545 997 $aUNINA