LEADER 01092nas 22003493a 450 001 9910338747303321 005 20240413013413.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000285812 035 $a(CONSER)--2004215489 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000285812 100 $a20040715a20049999 --- a 101 0 $aeng 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aCanadian fluid power review 210 $aCleveland, OH $cPenton Media$d2004- 215 $a1 online resource 311 08$aPrint version: Canadian fluid power review. 1551-3602 (DLC) 2004215489 (OCoLC)55951376 531 0 $aCan. fluid power rev. 606 $aFluid power technology$vPeriodicals 606 $aFluid power technology$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00928015 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 608 $aPeriodicals.$2lcgft 615 0$aFluid power technology 615 7$aFluid power technology. 676 $a333.79 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a9910338747303321 920 $aexl_impl conversion 996 $aCanadian fluid power review$92052365 997 $aUNINA LEADER 08275nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910957221403321 005 20251116141214.0 010 $a9786610210824 010 $a9780309133241 010 $a0309133246 010 $a9781280210822 010 $a1280210826 010 $a9780309578493 010 $a0309578493 010 $a9780585002422 010 $a0585002428 035 $a(CKB)110986584753428 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000264640 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11209980 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000264640 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10292036 035 $a(PQKB)10780628 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376789 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376789 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10057067 035 $a(OCoLC)814277413 035 $a(Perlego)4738608 035 $a(BIP)11494732 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753428 100 $a19960416d1996 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aUnderstanding risk $einforming decisions in a democratic society /$fPaul C. Stern and Harvey V. Fineberg, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1996 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 249 pages) 300 $a"Committee on Risk Characterization, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council." 311 0 $a9780309089562 311 0 $a0309089565 311 0 $a9780309053969 311 0 $a030905396X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 217-240) and index. 327 $aUnderstanding Risk -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary -- 1 The Idea of Risk Characterization -- BEYOND TRANSLATION -- A Decision-Driven Activity -- Recognizing All Significant Concerns -- An Analytic-Deliberative Process -- Matching the Process to the Decision -- PARTICIPATION AND KNOWLEDGE IN RISK DECISIONS -- Rationales for Participation -- Role of Science -- AN EXPANDED FRAMEWORK -- A New Definition and Its Implications -- The Risk Assessment-Risk Management Distinction -- Structure of the Book -- 2 Judgment in the Risk Decision Process -- PROBLEM FORMULATION -- The Concept of Risk -- Missing Considerations -- Fairness -- Prevention -- Rights -- SELECTION OF OPTIONS AND OUTCOMES -- Ecological Effects -- Economic and Social Effects -- Effects on Future Generations -- Ripple Effects -- Effects on Democracy, Governance, and Ethical Beliefs -- Conclusion -- INFORMATION GATHERING AND INTERPRETATION -- Choosing a Risk Measure -- Making Simplifying Assumptions -- SYNTHESIS -- Summarization -- The Multidimensional Nature of Risk -- The Meaning of Risk Estimates -- Uncertainty -- Specific Populations -- Multiple Exposures -- Communication -- CONCLUSION: THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS DESIGN -- 3 Deliberation -- ROLE OF DELIBERATION -- PURPOSES OF BROADLY BASED DELIBERATION -- LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES -- Limitations -- Challenges -- STANDARDS AND GOALS FOR DELIBERATION -- Involve the Interested and Affected Parties -- Who Are the Interested and Affected Parties? -- Is Direct Participation Needed? -- Selecting Participants -- Timing Participation -- Listening to the Participants -- Explicitly Address External Constraints -- Strive for Fairness in the Process -- Plan for Flexibility and Iteration -- Recognize the Roles of the Responsible Organization -- Use Appropriate Methods -- 4 Analysis. 327 $aPURPOSES AND CHALLENGES OF ANALYSIS -- STANDARDS FOR GOOD ANALYSIS -- ANALYSIS TO REDUCE THE COMPLEXITY OF RISK -- THE ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY -- Uncertainties that Matter -- Purposes -- Limits -- Social Context -- Summary and Implications -- CONCLUSIONS -- 5 Integrating Analysis and Deliberation -- PROBLEM FORMULATION -- PROCESS DESIGN -- SELECTION OF OPTIONS AND OUTCOMES -- INFORMATION GATHERING AND INTERPETATION -- SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION -- ACHIEVING CLOSURE -- CONCLUSION -- 6 Implementing the New Approach -- PRACTICALITY -- DIAGNOSIS: MATCHING THE PROCESS TO THE DECISION -- The Risk Decision Landscape -- Unique and Wide-Impact Decisions -- Routine and Narrow-Impact Decisions -- Repeated, Wide-Impact Decisions -- Generic Hazard and Dose-Response Characterizations -- Decisions about Policies for Risk Analysis -- Diagnostic Steps and Questions -- 1. Diagnose the Kind of Risk and the State of Knowledge -- 2. Describe the Legal Mandate -- 3. Describe the Purpose of the Risk Decision -- 4. Describe the Affected Parties and Likely Public Reactions -- 5. Estimate Resource Needs and Timetable -- 6. Plan for Organizational Needs -- 7. Develop a Preliminary Process Design -- 8. Summarize and Discuss Diagnosis within the Organization -- Conclusion -- BUILDING ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY -- Organizational Issues -- Improving the Knowledge Base -- CONCLUSION -- 7 Principles for Risk Characterization -- Appendix A Six Cases in Risk Analysis and Characterization -- APPLICATION OF ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA -- APPLICATION TO SOUTH FLORIDA -- Implications of the Case Study -- APPROVAL OF THE WASTE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. INCINERATOR AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO -- REGULATORY NEGOTIATION FOR A DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS RULE -- Forming the Negotiating Committee and Technical Support -- Defining the Problem and Informational Needs. 327 $aIntegrating Deliberation and Analysis -- A Creative Solution to Handling Uncertainty -- Conclusions -- SITING A POWER PLANT WITH THE AID OF DECISION ANALYSIS TOOLS -- Multiattribute Utility Analysis -- The Decision Process -- Additional Features of the Case -- THE CALIFORNIA COMPARATIVE RISK PROJECT -- PLANNING FUTURE LAND USES AT HANFORD, WASHINGTON -- Appendix B Common Approaches to Deliberation and Public Participation -- PUBLIC HEARINGS -- CITIZEN ADVISORY COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES -- ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION -- CITIZENS' JURIES AND CITIZENS' PANELS -- SURVEYS -- FOCUS GROUPS -- INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY-BASED APPROACHES -- COMBINATIONS OF DELIBERATIVE METHODS -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches -- Glossary -- References -- Index. 330 $aUnderstanding Risk addresses a central dilemma of risk decisionmaking in a democracy: detailed scientific and technical information is essential for making decisions, but the people who make and live with those decisions are not scientists. The key task of risk characterization is to provide needed and appropriate information to decisionmakers and the public. This important new volume illustrates that making risks understandable to the public involves much more than translating scientific knowledge. The volume also draws conclusions about what society should expect from risk characterization and offers clear guidelines and principles for informing the wide variety of risk decisions that face our increasingly technological society. Understanding Risk Frames fundamental questions about what risk characterization means. Reviews traditional definitions and explores new conceptual and practical approaches. Explores how risk characterization should inform decisionmakers and the public. Looks at risk characterization in the context of the entire decisionmaking process. Understanding Risk discusses how risk characterization has fallen short in many recent controversial decisions. Throughout the text, examples and case studies--such as planning for the long-term ecological health of the Everglades or deciding on the operation of a waste incinerator--bring key concepts to life. Understanding Risk will be important to anyone involved in risk issues: federal, state, and local policymakers and regulators; risk managers; scientists; industrialists; researchers; and concerned individuals. 606 $aRisk assessment 606 $aPolicy sciences 615 0$aRisk assessment. 615 0$aPolicy sciences. 676 $a302/.12 701 $aStern$b Paul C.$f1944-$01609213 701 $aFineberg$b Harvey V$01805786 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Risk Characterization. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910957221403321 996 $aUnderstanding risk$94354589 997 $aUNINA