LEADER 04623nam 22005655 450 001 9910337700303321 005 20200705021156.0 010 $a4-431-55781-4 024 7 $a10.1007/978-4-431-55781-4 035 $a(CKB)4100000007816621 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5739913 035 $a(DE-He213)978-4-431-55781-4 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007816621 100 $a20190323d2019 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aConvergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications /$fby Noriko O. Tsuya, Minja Kim Choe, Feng Wang 205 $a1st ed. 2019. 210 1$aTokyo :$cSpringer Japan :$cImprint: Springer,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (75 pages) 225 1 $aPopulation Studies of Japan,$x2198-2724 311 $a4-431-55780-6 327 $aIntroduction -- 1. Cultural Backgrounds, Economic Transformations, and Institutional Contexts -- 2. Evolution of Population and Family Policies -- 3. Trends of Fertility Change -- 4. Changes in the Age Patterns of Fertility -- 5. Demographic Factors of Fertility Change -- 5.1 Age patterns of marriage -- 5.2 Childbearing within marriage -- 5.3 Patterns of family building -- 6. Socioeconomic Factors of Fertility Change -- 6.1 Education -- 6.2 Women?s employment -- 6.3 Gender relations at home -- 6.4 Attitudes toward marriage and family -- Conclusions and Policy Implications. 330 $aThis book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home. . 410 0$aPopulation Studies of Japan,$x2198-2724 606 $aDemography 606 $aFamilies 606 $aFamilies?Social aspects 606 $aSocial policy 606 $aDemography$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/X25000 606 $aFamily$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/X27000 606 $aSocial Policy$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/W34020 615 0$aDemography. 615 0$aFamilies. 615 0$aFamilies?Social aspects. 615 0$aSocial policy. 615 14$aDemography. 615 24$aFamily. 615 24$aSocial Policy. 676 $a301.321095 700 $aTsuya$b Noriko O$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0273410 702 $aChoe$b Minja Kim$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aWang$b Feng$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910337700303321 996 $aConvergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications$92517530 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05389nam 22006255 450 001 9911035057303321 005 20251031120436.0 010 $a3-032-04527-4 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-032-04527-0 035 $a(CKB)41986955000041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC32384039 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL32384039 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-032-04527-0 035 $a(EXLCZ)9941986955000041 100 $a20251031d2025 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAccelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 5 $eForage Crops /$fedited by Shabir Hussain Wani, Satbir Singh Gosal 205 $a1st ed. 2025. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer Nature Switzerland :$cImprint: Springer,$d2025. 215 $a1 online resource (0 pages) 225 1 $aBiomedical and Life Sciences Series 311 08$a3-032-04526-6 327 $aForage Genetic Resources?An Indian Scenario -- Utilization of genetic resources through molecular and genomic approaches for forage barley improvement -- Genomics-assisted Breeding for fodder quality improvement in forage sorghum -- Accelerated Breeding in Bajra Using Genomic Approaches -- QTLomics approach for improvement of Finger Millet -- Current Status and Prospects of Genomics in Guar Breeding Program -- Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus): Crop Diversity and Genetic Improvement -- Genomic Approaches for Alfalfa breeding: Advances and future prospects -- Utilization of genetic and genomic resources for accelerated breeding for millet improvement -- Accelerated breeding approaches for improved productivity and quality in dual-purpose oats -- Breeding approaches for Maize improvement to enhance its forage potential -- Genome editing tools for improving yield of forage crops. 330 $aHuman population growth and potentially irreversible climate changes have raised worldwide concerns regarding food and nutritional security. Plant breeding that once considered ?art and science for changing and improving the characteristics of plants? is now heavily dependent on biotechnologies. The endeavor is a continuous process which results in new varieties required by farmers to improve their crop yields and quality of the produce. On the other hand, in the current scenarios of challenging environmental impact, there is emergence of new insect-pests and new pathotypes of disease causing agents. Accordingly what used to be minor insect-pests/pathogens are rapidly becoming major biotic stress factors. Along with heat and drought, they pose serious threats to crop productivity in many parts of the world. Current WTO analysis reveals that farmers want new high yielding varieties suitable not only for local consumption but also for commercial export. Conventional breeding approaches at this juncture seem inadequate to meet the growing demand for superior varieties. Efficiency improvement of existing cultivars is one way to meet these challenges. Historically, plant improvement has been largely confined to improving yield, quality, resistance to diseases and insect-pests and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Now growers demand high yielding varieties that possess early maturity, higher harvest index, dual purpose forages, varieties with nutrient-use efficiency/water-use efficiency, wider adaptability, suitable for mechanized harvesting, better shelf life, better processing quality, with improved minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Conventional plant breeding methods aiming at the improvement of a self-pollinating crop, such as wheat, usually take 10-12 years to develop and release of the new variety. During the past 10 years, significant advances have been made and accelerated methods have been developed for precision breeding and early release of crop varieties. This multi-volume work summarizes concepts dealing with germplasm enhancement and development of improved varieties based on innovative methodologies that include recent omics approaches, marker assisted selection, marker assisted background selection, genome wide association studies, next generation sequencing, genetic mapping, genomic selection, high-throughput genotyping, high-throughput phenotyping, mutation breeding, reverse breeding, transgenic breeding, speed breeding, genome editing, etc. It is an important reference with special focus on accelerated development of improved forage crop varieties. 410 0$aBiomedical and Life Sciences Series 606 $aPlants$xDevelopment 606 $aPlant physiology 606 $aPlant biotechnology 606 $aAgriculture 606 $aPlant Development 606 $aPlant Physiology 606 $aPlant Biotechnology 606 $aAgriculture 615 0$aPlants$xDevelopment. 615 0$aPlant physiology. 615 0$aPlant biotechnology. 615 0$aAgriculture. 615 14$aPlant Development. 615 24$aPlant Physiology. 615 24$aPlant Biotechnology. 615 24$aAgriculture. 676 $a571.82 700 $aWani$b Shabir Hussain$01854191 701 $aGosal$b Satbir Singh$01854192 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911035057303321 996 $aAccelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 5$94451275 997 $aUNINA