LEADER 00911nam0-2200301 --450 001 9910309450103321 005 20190220123855.0 010 $a9781509523313 100 $a20190220d2018----kmuy0itay5050 ba 101 $aeng 102 $aUS 105 $ay 001yy 200 1 $aEconomy and society$eselected writings$fKarl Polanyi$gedited by Michele Cangiani and Claus Thomasberger 210 $aCambridge, UK ; Medford, MA, USA$cPolity Press$d2018 215 $avi, 340 p.$d23 cm 610 0 $aEconomia$aAspetti politici 610 0 $aEconomia$aAspetti sociali 676 $a330$v22$zita 700 1$aPolanyi,$bKarl$0120729 702 1$aCangiani,$bMichele 702 1$aThomasberger,$bClaus 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gREICAT$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a9910309450103321 952 $aIX G 156$b1333/2018$fFSPBC 959 $aFSPBC 996 $aEconomy and society$91545738 997 $aUNINA LEADER 09626nam 2200493 450 001 996499857903316 005 20230319165643.0 010 $a3-031-06271-X 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7132896 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7132896 035 $a(CKB)25289753800041 035 $a(PPN)266354173 035 $a(EXLCZ)9925289753800041 100 $a20230319d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFrom net neutrality to ICT neutrality /$fPatrick Maille? and Bruno Tuffin 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (194 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Maillé, Patrick From Net Neutrality to ICT Neutrality Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031062704 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction: A Bit of History -- 1.1 The Advent of the Digital Economy and the Need for Regulation -- 1.2 The Internet: Worries About the Lack of Neutrality -- 1.3 New Services: New Difficulties and Potential Hindrance to Society -- 1.4 Toward ICT Neutrality? -- 1.5 Goal and Organization of This Book -- 2 Definitions -- 2.1 Several Definitions of Neutrality -- 2.2 Analysis and Comparison -- 2.3 Specialized Services -- 2.3.1 Perimeter of Specialized Services -- 2.3.2 Need for Specialized Services -- 2.3.3 Implications of Introducing a Special Class of Service -- 2.4 Zero-Rating and Sponsored Data -- 2.5 Public Consultations -- 2.6 Worldwide Implementations -- 2.6.1 North America -- 2.6.1.1 USA -- 2.6.1.2 Canada -- 2.6.1.3 Mexico -- 2.6.2 Europe -- 2.6.2.1 European Union -- 2.6.2.2 France -- 2.6.2.3 Germany -- 2.6.2.4 United Kingdom -- 2.6.2.5 The Netherlands -- 2.6.2.6 Norway -- 2.6.2.7 Slovenia -- 2.6.2.8 Russia -- 2.6.3 Asia -- 2.6.3.1 China -- 2.6.3.2 Japan -- 2.6.3.3 South Korea -- 2.6.3.4 India -- 2.6.4 Oceania -- 2.6.4.1 Australia -- 2.6.4.2 New Zealand -- 2.6.5 South America -- 2.6.5.1 Chile -- 2.6.5.2 Brazil -- 2.6.6 Africa -- 2.7 A Situation Still Evolving -- 2.8 A Trade-Off with Users Deciding Differentiation? -- 2.9 Conclusions -- 3 Pros and Cons: The Arguments in the Debate -- 3.1 The ``Freedom'' Arguments: Whose Freedom? -- 3.1.1 [Pro-NN] Net Neutrality Is Needed to Guarantee Free Speech -- 3.1.2 [Anti-NN] Net Neutrality Hinders Operators' Freedom of Enterprise -- 3.2 The ``Investment'' Arguments -- 3.2.1 [Anti-NN] Returns on Investments Are Needed -- 3.2.2 [Pro-NN] More Customers, More Investments -- 3.3 The ``Competition and Innovation'' Arguments -- 3.3.1 [Pro-NN] Non-neutrality Biases the Competition Among Services. 327 $a3.3.2 [Anti-NN] ISPs Favoring Some Content Providers Stimulates ISP Competition (Through Content) -- 3.3.3 [Pro-NN] Neutrality Is Needed to Allow Innovating Newcomers -- 3.4 The ``Security and Privacy'' Arguments -- 3.4.1 [Anti-NN] Encryption Already Prevents Discrimination -- 3.4.2 [Pro-NN] Neutrality Helps Protect Privacy -- 3.5 The ``Welfare'' Arguments -- 3.5.1 [Pro-NN] Non-neutrality Would Lead to a Fragmented Internet, Which Is Bad For Users -- 3.5.2 [Anti-NN] Content Providers Should Contribute to the Infrastructure Costs to Reduce Users' Share -- 3.5.3 [Anti-NN] A Free Market Finds the Most Efficient Outcome -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 Mathematical Analysis -- 4.1 Introduction to Mathematical Modeling and Game Theory -- 4.1.1 Elements of Non-cooperative Game Theory -- 4.1.2 Output Analysis -- 4.1.3 Principle of Mechanism Design -- 4.2 A Basic Model -- 4.3 Model with Two Content Providers -- 4.3.1 Pricing Game Between CPs (?=2) -- 4.3.2 Fully Neutral Case (?=2) -- 4.3.3 Weakly Neutral Case (?=2) -- 4.3.4 Non-neutral Case (?=2) -- 4.3.5 Comparison -- 4.4 Other Conclusions from the Literature -- 4.5 Additional Notes -- 5 Non-neutrality Pushed by Content Providers -- 5.1 Non-neutrality as a Barrier to Entry Protecting Incumbents -- 5.1.1 Modeling the Impact of a New Entrant CP -- 5.1.2 Actors' Revenues and Decision Time Scales -- 5.1.2.1 CP Revenues -- 5.1.2.2 ISP Revenue -- 5.1.2.3 Order of Decisions -- 5.1.3 Analyzing the Game for Fixed Side Payments -- 5.1.3.1 User Decisions -- 5.1.3.2 ISP Subscription Price pA -- 5.1.3.3 Should the New CP Enter the Market? -- 5.1.3.4 Illustration Example: Impact of the Side Payment -- 5.1.4 Can the ISP and the Incumbent CP Agree on Side Payments? -- 5.1.4.1 Side Payments Maximizing the ISP Revenue Are Not Sustainable -- 5.1.4.2 Can Side Payments Benefit Both the Incumbent CP and the ISP?. 327 $a5.1.4.3 How Can the ISP and Incumbent CP Agree on a Side Payment Level? -- 5.1.4.4 What About Users? Should the Regulator Intervene? -- 5.1.5 Refining the Model -- 5.2 Sponsored Data and Zero Rating -- 5.2.1 Modeling Sponsored-Data Practices in a Competitive ISP Context -- 5.2.1.1 Users' Decisions and Preferences -- 5.2.1.2 The CP Side: Advertising and Sponsoring -- 5.2.1.3 ISP Price Competition -- 5.2.1.4 Order of Decisions -- 5.2.2 How Does the CP Decide to Sponsor and Add Advertisement? -- 5.2.2.1 The Pricing Game Played by ISPs -- 5.2.3 A Practice Finally Mostly Benefiting ISPs? -- 5.3 When Big CPs Designate the ``Good'' ISPs: Incentivizing Non-neutrality Without Paying -- 5.3.1 ISP Competition: The Importance of Looking Good -- 5.3.2 A Two-ISP, Two-CP model with Heterogeneous Users -- 5.3.2.1 Modelling Consumer (Heterogeneous) Usage of Different CPs -- 5.3.2.2 ISPs Deciding How to Allocate Their Capacity Affects CP Quality -- 5.3.2.3 Introducing Some Asymmetry Among CPs: Required Throughput -- 5.3.2.4 Users Care About the Quality of the Services They Use! -- 5.3.2.5 A (Simple) Game on Differentiation -- 5.3.3 User Equilibria: How ISP Decisions Affect User Subscription Choices -- 5.3.4 The Game Among ISPs and Its Consequences -- 5.3.4.1 At the Equilibrium, Both ISPs Differentiate the Same Way -- 5.3.4.2 Equilibrium vs Neutral Capacity Allocation: Neutrality Hindering Innovation? -- 5.3.4.3 Equilibrium vs Neutral Capacity Allocation: No Impact for ISPs -- 5.3.4.4 Equilibrium vs Neutral Capacity Allocation: What About Users? -- 5.3.5 A Model Yielding Unexpected Conclusions -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6 A More General View of Neutrality -- 6.1 Is It Relevant to Generalize Network Neutrality? -- 6.2 Content Delivery Networks: Intermediaries Flying Under the Radar? -- 6.2.1 Introduction to CDN Role and Impact. 327 $a6.2.2 Model Illustrating the Impact of CDNs on Competition Between CPs -- 6.2.3 Model Illustrating the Impact of CDNs on Competition Between ISPs -- 6.3 Issues Related to Vertical Integration -- 6.3.1 Vertical Integration and the Internet Ecosystem -- 6.3.2 Illustration of Vertical Integration on Our Basic Model -- 6.3.3 Other Illustrations and Results from Models -- 6.4 Device Neutrality -- 6.5 Neutrality of Structuring Platforms -- 6.6 Also Toward Data Neutrality? -- 7 Search Neutrality -- 7.1 Is It in Search Engines' Interest to Be Neutral? -- 7.1.1 Modeling the Long-Term vs. Short-Term Gains Trade-Off -- 7.1.1.1 Modeling Requests as Random Pairs of Vectors -- 7.1.1.2 Click-Through-Rate: Impact of Position and Relevance -- 7.1.1.3 Frequency of Requests and SE Objective Function -- 7.1.1.4 How Would a Neutral SE Work? -- 7.1.2 The Revenue-Maximizing Ranking Policy: An (Almost) Explicit Trade-Off Between Relevance and Gains -- 7.1.3 Neutral vs. Non-neutral Search Engine: What Are the Differences? -- 7.1.3.1 A Simple Example with 10 Actors -- 7.1.3.2 Ad Revenues Are Good for Result Quality! -- 7.1.3.3 Should Users Care Whether Their SE Is Neutral? -- 7.1.3.4 Quantifying How Non-neutrality Distorts Competition Among CPs -- 7.1.3.5 Impact of Search (Non-)Neutrality on Innovation -- 7.2 Detecting Bias and Trying to Build a ``Neutral'' Search Engine -- 7.2.1 A Look At Related Contributions -- 7.2.2 An Estimation of Page Relevance: Average Page Visibility -- 7.2.3 Quantifying How ``Consensual'' a Search Engine Is:The SE Score -- 7.2.4 Pointing Out Possible Bias: Statistical Tests -- 7.2.5 Aggregating Results from SEs to Create Meta-SEs -- 7.2.5.1 The Consensus Ranking -- 7.2.5.2 The Majority Judgment Ranking -- 7.2.5.3 Robustness to Bias: Consensus Ranking vs Majority Judgment -- 7.2.6 A Few Observations from a Campaign on 1000 Search Terms. 327 $a7.2.6.1 The ``Chrome'' Search Term -- 7.3 Conclusion -- 8 Algorithmic Transparency -- 8.1 Algorithmic Transparency and Structuring Platforms: Why Introduce Scrutiny? -- 8.2 Worries About the Transparency of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms -- 8.3 How to Proceed? -- 8.4 Fake News, Manipulation of Opinions, Hatred, and Fact Checking -- 8.5 Conclusion on Transparency and Neutrality -- 9 Tools to Monitor Neutrality -- 9.1 Why Are Specific Tools Needed? -- 9.2 Tools for the Monitoring of ISPs -- 9.2.1 Potential Infringements -- 9.2.2 Available Tools -- 9.2.3 The Limits of the Existing Tools -- 9.3 Monitoring Other Actors -- 9.3.1 Monitoring CDNs -- 9.3.2 Monitoring Search Engines -- 9.4 Tools and Algorithmic Transparency -- 9.5 Fact-Checking Tools -- 10 Conclusions -- References. 606 $aComputer science 606 $aNetwork neutrality 615 0$aComputer science. 615 0$aNetwork neutrality. 676 $a215 700 $aMaille?$b Patrick$01265378 702 $aTuffin$b Bruno 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996499857903316 996 $aFrom net neutrality to ICT neutrality$93071100 997 $aUNISA LEADER 01732oam 2200493 a 450 001 9910702370603321 005 20121129090441.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002426451 035 $a(OCoLC)810441606 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002426451 100 $a20120921d2012 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFinding "the right way"$b[electronic resource] $etoward an Army institutional ethic /$fClark C. Barrett 210 1$aCarlisle, PA :$cStrategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College,$d[2012] 215 $a1 online resource (vii, 64 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aCarlisle papers 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed September 21, 2012). 300 $a"September 2012." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 44-64). 517 $aFinding "the right way" 606 $aMilitary ethics$zUnited States 606 $aCorporate culture$zUnited States 606 $aSoldiers$zUnited States$xConduct of life 606 $aSoldiers$xProfessional ethics$zUnited States 606 $aDecision making$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 615 0$aMilitary ethics 615 0$aCorporate culture 615 0$aSoldiers$xConduct of life. 615 0$aSoldiers$xProfessional ethics 615 0$aDecision making$xMoral and ethical aspects 700 $aBarrett$b Clark C$01421609 712 02$aArmy War College (U.S.).$bStrategic Studies Institute. 801 0$bAWC 801 1$bAWC 801 2$bAWC 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910702370603321 996 $aFinding "the right way"$93543389 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02840nam 22005535 450 001 9910559395403321 005 20251113173716.0 010 $a9789811903205$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9789811903199 024 7 $a10.1007/978-981-19-0320-5 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6949926 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6949926 035 $a(CKB)21479421000041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-981-19-0320-5 035 $a(EXLCZ)9921479421000041 100 $a20220407d2022 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aWriting as Meaning-Making $eA Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach to EFL Writing /$fby Winfred Wenhui Xuan 205 $a1st ed. 2022. 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer Nature Singapore :$cImprint: Springer,$d2022. 215 $a1 online resource (365 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Xuan, Winfred Wenhui Writing As Meaning-Making Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2022 9789811903199 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 313-338). 327 $aIntroduction -- Theoretical underpinnings: writing as meaning-making -- Text types and EFL writing -- Experiential meaning-making in EFL writing -- Interpersonal meaning-making in EFL writing -- Textual meaning-making in EFL writing -- Logical meaning-making in EFL writing -- Implications and discussions -- Conclusion. 330 $aThis book investigates Chinese secondary EFL learners? meaning-making abilities in English L2 writing by adopting theoretical frameworks used in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). It offers a comprehensive guide to Chinese high school students? use of lexico-grammatical resources in L2 English writing for frontline L2 writing teachers, TESOL practitioners, pre-service teachers, and all professionals engaged in researching and teaching L2 writing. In particular, the book seeks to fill the current gaps in secondary school L2 writing research in the Asian context. 606 $aLanguage and languages$xStudy and teaching 606 $aLinguistics$xMethodology 606 $aLanguage acquisition 606 $aLanguage Education 606 $aResearch Methods in Language and Linguistics 606 $aLanguage Acquisition and Development 615 0$aLanguage and languages$xStudy and teaching. 615 0$aLinguistics$xMethodology. 615 0$aLanguage acquisition. 615 14$aLanguage Education. 615 24$aResearch Methods in Language and Linguistics. 615 24$aLanguage Acquisition and Development. 676 $a428.0071051 700 $aXuan$b Winfred Wenhui$01221499 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910559395403321 996 $aWriting As Meaning-Making$92832680 997 $aUNINA