LEADER 04027oam 22006734a 450 001 9910306646503321 005 20250717145013.0 010 $a9780262250177 010 $a0262250179 010 $a9781628201307 010 $a1628201304 010 $a9780262720472 010 $a0262720477 035 $a(CKB)1000000000703893 035 $a(CtWfDGI)bkb00002594 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000380189 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12127097 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000380189 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10371439 035 $a(PQKB)11665850 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5965852 035 $a(dli)HEB33113 035 $a(OCoLC)1053443663 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse70615 035 $a(ScCtBLL)6b21fbc4-c533-4d58-a5ea-62cf611f3591 035 $a(OCoLC)1107349516 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000703893 100 $a20041025d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurzn|||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDemocratizing Innovation /$fEric von Hippel 210 1$aCambridge, Massachusetts :$cMIT Press,$d2005. 210 4$dİ2005. 215 $a1 online resource (x, 204 pages) $cillustrations 225 0 $aHumanities Open Book. 300 $aThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 311 08$a9780262002745 311 08$a0262002744 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages [183]-195) and index. 330 $aThe process of user-centered innovation: how it can benefit both users and manufacturers and how its emergence will bring changes in business models and in public policy. Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users-both individuals and firms-often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all.The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products-most notably in the free and open-source software movement-but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive. Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses-the custom semiconductor industry is one example-that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. 410 0$aHumanities Open Book. 606 $aDemocracy 606 $aDiffusion of innovations 606 $aTechnological innovations$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aDemocracy. 615 0$aDiffusion of innovations. 615 0$aTechnological innovations$xEconomic aspects. 676 $a338/.064 700 $aHippel$b Eric von$0107444 712 02$aBooks24x7, Inc. 801 0$bMdBmJHUP 801 1$bMdBmJHUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910306646503321 996 $aDemocratizing innovation$9850955 997 $aUNINA