LEADER 10768nam 2200553 450 001 9910484032103321 005 20230927111533.0 010 $a981-334-118-1 035 $a(CKB)4100000011867319 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6534026 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6534026 035 $a(OCoLC)1245344027 035 $a(PPN)255294344 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011867319 100 $a20211020d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe population ecology of white-headed langur /$fWenshi Pan 210 1$aGateway East, Singapore :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (241 pages) 311 $a981-334-117-3 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Origin of the White-Headed Langur: Discovery of Fossils -- 1.1 Discovery of Fossils in Sanhe Cave -- 1.1.1 Initial Fieldwork -- 1.1.2 In-Depth Research of Sanhe Cave -- 1.2 Gigantopithecus Fauna and the Fossil of White-Headed Langur´s Ancestor -- 1.2.1 Zoogeographical Traits of the Chongzuo Sanhe Cave Gigantopithecus Fauna -- 1.2.2 Fossil Tooth of a Chongzuo Langur (Trachypithecus Chongzuosis) -- 1.3 Origination and Evolution of Langur Species -- 1.3.1 Ancestors of the White-Headed Langur and Their Emigration -- 1.3.1.1 The Particular Period in History -- 1.3.1.2 The Particular Geographical Location -- 1.3.1.3 There Had to Be a Relating Ancestor Species -- 1.3.2 Allied Species -- References -- Chapter 2: Evolution of the White-Headed Langur -- 2.1 Phase 1: Origination from the Ancient Javan Langur -- 2.2 Phase 2: ``Garden of Eden´´ Period for the Chongzuo Langur -- 2.2.1 Chongzuo Langur´s Habitat in the ``Garden of Eden´´ -- 2.2.1.1 Climate of Zuo Jiang River Basin in the ``Garden of Eden´´ Period -- 2.2.1.2 Food Resources in the ``Garden of Eden´´ -- 2.2.1.3 Places to Hide from Predators in the ``Garden of Eden´´ -- 2.2.2 Chongzuo Langur´s Evolution Course -- 2.3 Phase 3: Coevolution of the Chongzuo Langur and Chongzuo Aborigines -- 2.4 Phase 4: White-Headed Langurs´ Endangered Status by the Late Twentieth Century -- References -- Chapter 3: The White-Headed Langur Is an Endemic Species of Chongzuo -- 3.1 The Distinct Appearance of White-Headed Langur -- 3.2 Controversies Over the Systematics of the White-Headed Langur -- 3.2.1 White-Headed Langur as a Subspecies of the Black Langur? -- 3.2.2 Arguments Supporting the White-Headed Langur as a Distinct Species -- 3.2.3 Focus of the Argument -- 3.2.3.1 Where Does the Boundary Between Species Lie? -- 3.3 The Critical Encircling Rivers. 327 $a3.3.1 The White-Headed Langur Distribution on the ``Small Land Area´´ Isolated by Rivers -- 3.3.2 The Ancestor Species of the White-Headed Langur, the Chongzuo Langur, Was Distributed on the Same ``Small Land Area´´ -- 3.4 The White-Headed Langur Is a Recent Lineage -- 3.5 The White-Headed Langur Is a Resident, Endemic Species of Chongzuo -- References -- Chapter 4: Poaching of White-Headed Langurs by the Late Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Century -- 4.1 The State of White-Headed Langurs Before 1980s -- 4.1.1 White-Headed Langurs in History Books -- 4.1.2 A 1977 Survey of White-Headed Langur Distributions -- 4.2 White-Headed Langurs Were Still Spotted in the Late 1980s -- 4.3 The State of the White-Headed Langurs in the 1990s -- 4.3.1 Poaching Incidents in the Nongguan Mountains -- 4.3.2 Field Surveys by Ran Wenzhong in 2001 -- 4.3.2.1 White-Headed Langur Population Survey Findings in Ningming-Longzhou Region -- 4.3.2.2 White-Headed Langur Population Survey Findings in the Longfeng Mountains (Laituan) and the Bazhiqi Mountains (Renliang) -- 4.3.2.3 White-Headed Langur Population Survey Findings in the Nongdou Mountains (Daling) -- 4.4 White-Headed Langurs Pushed Toward Extinction by Poachers -- References -- Chapter 5: The White-Headed Langur´s Habitat and Natural Refuge -- 5.1 The Nongguan Mountains Natural Refuge -- 5.1.1 Geologic Background of the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.1.2 Particularities of the Nongguan Mountains Topography -- 5.1.3 The Particular Climate of the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.1.3.1 Sunshine -- 5.1.3.2 Temperature -- 5.1.3.3 Precipitation and Evaporation -- 5.2 The White-Headed Langur´s Habitat Insularization in the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.2.1 Human Population Expansion and Social Development in the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.2.1.1 Human Population Expansion in the Nongguan Mountains. 327 $a5.2.1.2 Social Development in the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.2.2 Consequences of Agricultural Developments -- 5.3 Formation of Two Relatively Discrete Ecosystems in the Nongguan Mountains -- 5.3.1 The Agro-ecosystem of Farmers and Sugarcane Fields -- 5.3.2 The Monsoon Rainforest Ecosystem of White-Headed Langurs and Karst Hills -- 5.4 The Eco-line Between the Two Ecosystems in the Nongguan Mountains -- Reference -- Chapter 6: The White-Headed Langur´s Homeland in the Nongguan Mountains -- 6.1 Delineation of the Living Space of White-Headed Langurs -- 6.2 The Home Range of FJC White-Headed Langurs -- 6.3 White-Headed Langurs´ Use of Their Home Range -- 6.3.1 Forage Quarters -- 6.3.2 Forage Probability in Each Forage Quarter in Relation to Weather Conditions -- 6.3.3 The Appropriate Forage Strategies -- 6.4 The White-Headed Langur Is a Territorial Animal -- 6.4.1 Alpha Male and Male Offspring Defend Their Territory -- 6.4.2 The Initiating of Territory Boundaries -- 6.5 The Territory of FJC White-Headed Langurs -- 6.5.1 Fix Territory -- 6.5.2 Drifting Territory -- 6.5.2.1 Drifting Territory on the Forage Route -- 6.5.2.2 Drifting Territories of Invading Males -- References -- Chapter 7: The White-Headed Langur´s Diets and Forage Behaviors -- 7.1 The Characteristics and Composition of Vegetation in the Nongguan Mountains -- 7.1.1 Research Method -- 7.1.2 Flora Composition in the Nongguan Mountains -- 7.1.3 Essential Plant Life Forms in the Nongguan Mountains -- 7.1.4 Phytogeography Composition in the Nongguan Mountains -- 7.2 The White-Headed Langur´s Diet Varieties -- 7.2.1 Specialized Diet Species and Generalized Diet Species -- 7.2.2 A Review of the Research of White-Headed Langur Diets -- 7.2.3 Chief Research Method -- 7.2.4 Diet Composition and Alterations -- 7.2.4.1 Diet Composition in the Period of Intense Human Activity Disturbances (1990-2001). 327 $a7.2.4.2 Diet Composition in the Early Period of Flora Restoration (2002-2006) -- 7.2.4.3 Diet Composition After 10 Years of Uninterrupted Flora Succession (2008-2015) -- 7.2.5 Diet Volume -- 7.2.5.1 Accounts of White-Headed Langur Feeding on Yinhehuan (Leucaena leucocephala) Seeds and the Amount It Consumed -- 7.2.5.2 Accounts of White-Headed Langurs Feeding on Gou Trees (Broussonetia papyrifera) and the Amount Consumed -- Appendix: Nongguan Mountains Plant Directory -- References -- Chapter 8: Population Restoration and Social Structure of White-Headed Langurs in the Nongguan Mountains -- 8.1 Troop-Founding Phase -- 8.1.1 Founding Troops -- 8.1.2 Gradual Increase of Population -- 8.2 Multiplication Phase -- 8.2.1 Stage 1: 6 Years with Rapid Growth in Number -- 8.2.2 Stage 2: 3 Years of Rapid Increase of Population Density -- 8.2.3 Stage 3: Formation of an All-Male Troop and Migration to Distant Territories -- 8.3 Identification of White-Headed Langurs -- 8.3.1 Identification of Age by External Appearances -- 8.3.2 Identification of Individual Females -- 8.3.3 Identification of Individual Males -- 8.4 The Social System of the Nongguan Mountains White-Headed Langur Population -- 8.5 Reproductive Behaviors of White-Headed Langurs -- 8.5.1 The White-Headed Langur Is Essentially Polygamous Through Its Lifetime -- 8.5.2 Is There Sexual Dimorphism in White-Headed Langurs? -- 8.5.3 Kinship of Females in a White-Headed Langur Family -- References -- Chapter 9: The Behavior Patterns of a White-Headed Langur Family -- 9.1 A Brief History of the ``Yintangxiaotu Family Troop´´ -- 9.1.1 Yintangxiaotu´s Invasion into the ``FJC Big Cave Troop´´ -- 9.1.2 Founding of the ``Yintangxiaotu Family Troop´´ -- 9.1.3 Invasion by Outlier Adult Male White-Headed Langurs -- 9.1.4 Founding of the ``Yintangxiaotu Transitory Troop´´. 327 $a9.1.5 Forming of the ``Yintangxiaotu All-Male Troop´´ -- 9.2 Research Method -- 9.3 The Activity Cycles of White-Headed Langurs -- 9.4 The Activity Rhythm of White-Headed Langurs in Relation to the Seasons -- 9.5 The Biorhythm of the White-Headed Langur -- 9.6 Social Activities Among White-Headed Langurs -- 9.6.1 ``Sex-Age Group´´ -- 9.6.2 ``Role´´ -- 9.6.3 The ``Sex-Age Groups´´ and ``Roles´´ in the ``Yintangxiaotu Family Troop´´ -- 9.6.4 ``Seasons´´ in White-Headed Langur Reproduction Ecology -- 9.6.5 Definitions of Behaviors -- 9.7 Behavioral Traits of the ``Yintangxiaotu Family Troop´´ -- 9.7.1 Trait 1: Only the Resident Alpha Male, Sub-adult, and Adolescent Males Take Up Roles of Defense -- 9.7.2 Trait 2: Adult, Sub-adult, and Adolescent Females Take Up Roles of Nursing Pups -- 9.7.3 Trait 3: Helper Behavior Is Common Among White-Headed Langurs -- 9.7.4 Trait 4: Play Behavior Is of Significant Importance in the Socialization of Young White-Headed Langurs -- 9.7.5 Trait 5: All Family Members Forage Simultaneously, While Adult Males Have a Higher Foraging Probability -- 9.7.5.1 Foraging Probabilities of Adult Males and Adult Females -- 9.7.5.2 Foraging Probability Differs in Accord with Sex-Age Groups -- 9.7.6 Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 10: The Strategy of White-Headed Langur Reproductive Behaviors -- 10.1 Peak Seasons for White-Headed Langurs´ Copulation and Parturition -- 10.1.1 Copulation Season -- 10.1.2 First Parturition Age of Females -- 10.1.3 Peak Season for Births -- 10.1.4 Inter-birth Intervals -- 10.1.5 Lactation Period -- 10.1.6 Length of the Pregnancy Period -- 10.1.6.1 The Shortest Inter-birth Interval Registered -- 10.1.6.2 Resumption Time of Ovulation in Adult Females -- 10.1.6.3 Estimation of the Length of the Pregnancy Period. 327 $a10.2 Reproductive Status of White-Headed Langurs in the Core Research Area (FJC), 1996-2006. 606 $aMonkeys 606 $aPrimats$2thub 606 $aEcologia animal$2thub 606 $aPoblacions animals$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aMonkeys. 615 7$aPrimats 615 7$aEcologia animal 615 7$aPoblacions animals 676 $a599.8 700 $aPan$b Wenshi$0848219 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910484032103321 996 $aThe population ecology of white-headed langur$91894382 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02940nam 22005895 450 001 9910299820403321 005 20200705035927.0 010 $a3-319-19153-5 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-19153-9 035 $a(CKB)3710000000416861 035 $a(EBL)2095437 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001501166 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11840142 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001501166 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11524121 035 $a(PQKB)10679285 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-19153-9 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2095437 035 $a(PPN)186027508 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000416861 100 $a20150527d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCoding for MIMO-OFDM in Future Wireless Systems /$fby Bannour Ahmed, Mohammad Abdul Matin 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (99 p.) 225 1 $aSpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering,$x2191-8112 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-319-19152-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aOverview of MIMO-OFDM -- Wireless channels -- Code Design For MIMO-OFDM System -- Algebraic Space-Time (ST) Codes: an Overview -- ASTC-MIMO to ASTC-MIMO-OFDM System -- Space Time Frequency (STF) for Multiuser MIMO-OFDM -- General Conclusion. 330 $aThis book introduces the reader to the MIMO-OFDM system, in Rayleigh frequency selective-channels. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted in the wireless local-area network standards IEEE 802.11a due to its high spectral efficiency and ability to deal with frequency selective fading. The combination of OFDM with spectral efficient multiple antenna techniques makes the OFDM a good candidate to overcome the frequency selective problems. 410 0$aSpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering,$x2191-8112 606 $aElectrical engineering 606 $aInformation storage and retrieval 606 $aCommunications Engineering, Networks$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T24035 606 $aInformation Storage and Retrieval$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I18032 615 0$aElectrical engineering. 615 0$aInformation storage and retrieval. 615 14$aCommunications Engineering, Networks. 615 24$aInformation Storage and Retrieval. 676 $a004.6/6 700 $aAhmed$b Bannour$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0720767 702 $aAbdul Matin$b Mohammad$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910299820403321 996 $aCoding for MIMO-OFDM in Future Wireless Systems$92497657 997 $aUNINA