LEADER 05109oam 22009734 450 001 9910788345303321 005 20230721045626.0 010 $a1-4623-5175-1 010 $a1-4527-9347-6 010 $a1-282-84167-X 010 $a9786612841675 010 $a1-4518-7074-4 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055119 035 $a(EBL)1608029 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001487328 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11903119 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001487328 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11478362 035 $a(PQKB)11278169 035 $a(OCoLC)762336572 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608029 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008216 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055119 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTrade Elasticities in the Middle East and Central Asia : $eWhat is the Role of Oil? /$fAndreas Billmeier, Dalia Hakura 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (35 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/216 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1527-6 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Methodology; III. Empirical Analysis of Middle East and Central Asian Countries Elasticities; A. Model Specification and Empirical Strategy; B. Estimation Results; Tables; 1. Volume of Imports: Coefficient Estimates and Implied Elasticities; 2. Export Volumes: Coefficient Estimates and Implied Elasticities; C. Trade Balances; 3. Non-Oil Export Volumes: Coefficient Estimates and Implied Elasticities; 4. Decomposition of the Impact of a Ten Percent Real Depreciation on the Trade Balance of Middle East and Central Asia Countries 327 $a5. Trade Balance Elasticities for Non-Oil Exporting Middle East and Central Asia Countries, 2006 and 20136. Trade Balance Elasticities for Middle East and Central Asia Oil Exporters, and 2013; IV. A Generalized Approach; A. Generalized CGER Methodology; B. Empirical Estimation of the Elasticities of the Relative Import and Export Prices to the Real Exchange Rate; 7. Relative Import and Export Price Elasticities to the Real Effective Exchange Rate; C. Alternative Trade Balance Elasticities 327 $a8. Decomposition of the Impact of a 10 Percent Real Depreciation on the Trade Balance of Non-Oil Exporting Middle East and Central Asia Countries9. Decomposition of the Impact of a 10 Percent Real Depreciation on the Trade Balance of Oil-Exporting Middle East and Central Asia Countries; V. Conclusions; References; Appendices; 1. Data Appendix; 2. Derivation of the Formula for the Elasticity of the Trade Balance Vis-a?-vis the Real Exchange Rate 330 3 $aThe analysis in this paper suggests that import and export volume elasticities are markedly lower in oil-exporting Middle East and Central Asian countries than in non-oil countries in the region. A key implication of this finding is that a real appreciation of the exchange rate in oil-exporting countries would achieve little in terms of expenditure switching: an appreciation does not boost imports and non-oil exports constitute only a small share of GDP and total trade in these countries. Therefore, while a real appreciation lowers the current account surplus of oil-exporting countries through valuation effects, the contribution to lowering global imbalances may be more limited. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/216 606 $aElasticity (Economics)$zMiddle East 606 $aElasticity (Economics)$zAsia, Central 606 $aElasticity (Economics)$xEconometric models 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aTrade: General$2imf 606 $aEmpirical Studies of Trade$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aTrade balance$2imf 606 $aExport prices$2imf 606 $aExports$2imf 606 $aImport prices$2imf 606 $aImports$2imf 606 $aBalance of trade$2imf 607 $aSaudi Arabia$2imf 615 0$aElasticity (Economics) 615 0$aElasticity (Economics) 615 0$aElasticity (Economics)$xEconometric models. 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aTrade: General 615 7$aEmpirical Studies of Trade 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aTrade balance 615 7$aExport prices 615 7$aExports 615 7$aImport prices 615 7$aImports 615 7$aBalance of trade 676 $a338.516 700 $aBillmeier$b Andreas$01493502 701 $aHakura$b Dalia$01472693 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788345303321 996 $aTrade Elasticities in the Middle East and Central Asia$93716504 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03085nam 22005415 450 001 9910299652603321 005 20240628120620.0 010 $a9783319774282 010 $a331977428X 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-77428-2 035 $a(CKB)4100000004243797 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5396672 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-77428-2 035 $a(Perlego)3495143 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000004243797 100 $a20180515d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aHayek: A Collaborative Biography $ePart XI: Orwellian Rectifiers, Mises' 'Evil Seed' of Christianity and the 'Free' Market Welfare State /$fby Robert Leeson 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (550 pages) 225 1 $aArchival Insights into the Evolution of Economics,$x2662-6209 311 08$a9783319774275 311 08$a3319774271 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1.Orwellian Rectifiers and the 'Free' Market Welfare State -- 2.The Economic Consequences of Blind Faith -- 3.The Politicization of Academia -- 4.'Financial Considerations' and the 'Free' Academic Market -- 5.'Consistent Doctrine', 'The Morals of the Market', and the 'Filthy Load of Pinks' -- 6.The Fall of Left Utopia and the Rise of 'Free' Market Euphoria -- 7.'Intellectual Orgies' and 'the "Non-Concept" of Education -- 8.Mises' 'Evil Seed' of Christianity -- 9.'German Villains and Austrian Victims' -- 10.Who Lies Behind the 'Free' Market? 330 $aFunded by the tobacco and fossil fuel industries, the Mises- and Hayek-inspired 'free' market has adopted 'The Slogan of Liberty' - but should their faith-based assertions be accorded the same epistemological status as a science? If Austrian economics is a branch of divinely revealed 'knowledge' - as the epigone Godfather, Hans Sennholz, insists - what validity do its policy recommendations have? Should those who falsely claim to have PhDs be tax-funded as 'Post-Doctoral Fellows' and 'Professors'? This volume examines the consequences of the 'free' market colonisation of economics - climate change, financial crises and the corruption of academic discourse. 410 0$aArchival Insights into the Evolution of Economics,$x2662-6209 606 $aEconomics$xHistory 606 $aSocial choice 606 $aWelfare economics 606 $aHistory of Economic Thought and Methodology 606 $aSocial Choice and Welfare 615 0$aEconomics$xHistory. 615 0$aSocial choice. 615 0$aWelfare economics. 615 14$aHistory of Economic Thought and Methodology. 615 24$aSocial Choice and Welfare. 676 $a330.092 700 $aLeeson$b Robert$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0144943 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910299652603321 996 $aHayek: A Collaborative Biography$91954783 997 $aUNINA