LEADER 06683nam 22008535 450 001 9910299431603321 005 20230621103210.0 010 $a3-642-29081-7 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-642-29081-7 035 $a(CKB)3710000000306218 035 $a(EBL)972331 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001386149 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11752465 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001386149 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11350648 035 $a(PQKB)11591445 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-642-29081-7 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC972331 035 $a(PPN)183085264 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000306218 100 $a20141128d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFreezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover /$fby Matti Leppäranta 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aBerlin, Heidelberg :$cSpringer Berlin Heidelberg :$cImprint: Springer,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (309 p.) 225 1 $aSpringer Earth System Sciences 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-642-29080-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aPreface; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 Freezing of Lakes; 2.1 Lake Types and Characteristics; 2.1.1 Classification and Geometry of Lakes; 2.1.2 Physical Properties of Lake Waters; 2.2 Weather and Climate; 2.2.1 General Regional Climate; 2.2.2 Air Pressure; 2.2.3 Precipitation; 2.2.4 Air Temperature, Humidity and Wind; 2.2.5 Radiation Balance; 2.3 Water Budget of Lakes; 2.3.1 General Form; 2.3.2 Inflow and Outflow; 2.3.3 Lake--Atmosphere Water Fluxes; 2.3.4 Budgets of Impurities; 2.4 Ice-Covered Lakes; 2.4.1 Zonation of Freezing Lakes; 2.4.2 Seasonal Lake Ice Zone; 2.4.3 Lakes with Perennial Ice 327 $a2.5 Lake Ice Climatology3 Structure and Properties of Lake Ice; 3.1 Ice Ih: The Solid Phase of Water on Earth; 3.1.1 Ice Crystal Structure; 3.1.2 Ice Nucleation; 3.1.3 Ice Formation in Lakes; 3.1.4 Physical Properties of Lake Ice; 3.2 Lake Ice Types and Stratigraphy; 3.2.1 Ice Structure Analysis; 3.2.2 Lake Ice Stratigraphy; 3.2.3 Snow Cover; 3.2.4 Case Study; 3.3 Impurities in Lake Ice Cover; 3.4 Light Transfer Through Ice Cover; 3.4.1 Solar Radiation; 3.4.2 Radiance and Irradiance; 3.4.3 Light Transfer in Ice-Covered Lakes; 3.5 Ice Mass Balance; 4 Thermodynamics of Seasonal Lake Ice 327 $a4.1 Heat Budget of Lakes4.1.1 Total Heat Budget; 4.1.2 Solar Radiation; 4.1.3 Terrestrial Radiation; 4.1.4 Turbulent Heat Exchange with the Atmosphere; 4.1.5 Linearized Heat Flux; 4.2 Ice Growth and Melting; 4.2.1 Thermodynamic Principles; 4.2.2 Congelation Ice Growth; 4.2.3 Superimposed Ice Growth; 4.2.4 Frazil Ice Growth; 4.2.5 Ice Melting; 4.3 Analytic Models; 4.3.1 Basic Principles; 4.3.2 Congelation Ice; 4.3.2.1 Atmospheric Surface Layer as a Buffer; 4.3.2.2 Influence of Snow Cover on Congelation Ice Growth; 4.3.2.3 Heat Flux from the Lake Body; 4.3.3 Snow-Ice; 4.3.4 Frazil Ice 327 $a4.3.5 Melting4.3.6 Multi-year Ice; 4.4 Numerical Models; 4.4.1 Structure of Models; 4.4.2 Quasi-steady Models; 4.4.3 Time-Dependent Models; 5 Mechanics of Lake Ice; 5.1 Rheology; 5.1.1 Stress; 5.1.2 Strain and Rotation; 5.1.3 Rheological Models; 5.2 Ice Cover as a Plate on Water Foundation; 5.2.1 Elastic Lake Ice Cover; 5.2.2 Viscous Behaviour of Lake Ice; 5.2.3 Thermal Cracking and Expansion; 5.2.4 Displacements in the Ice Cover; 5.3 Bearing Capacity of Ice; 5.4 Ice Forces; 5.4.1 Ice Load Problems; 5.4.2 Estimation of Ice Loads; 5.5 Drift Ice in Large Lakes; 5.5.1 Drift Ice Material 327 $a5.5.2 Equations of Drift Ice Mechanics5.5.3 Static Ice Cover; 5.5.4 Models of Drift Ice Dynamics; 5.5.5 Ice Thickness and Compactness Profiles; 5.5.6 Numerical Modelling; 6 Proglacial Lakes; 6.1 Ice Sheets and Glaciers; 6.2 Epiglacial Lakes; 6.2.1 Occurrence of Epiglacial Lakes; 6.2.2 Physics of Epiglacial Lakes; 6.3 Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.1 Occurrence of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.2 Structure of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.3 Thermodynamics of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.4 Case Study; 6.4 Subglacial Lakes; 6.4.1 Formation and Diversity; 6.4.2 Lake Vostok; 7 Lake Water Body in the Ice Season 327 $a7.1 Ice Formation 330 $aA large number of boreal lakes are ice-covered in winter. However, research and literature of these lakes concerns by far only the open water season. In particular, no textbook on physics of ice-covered lakes exists, and now it would be a proper time to prepare such. Winter limnology has become an increasing active field of research recently. A series of winter limnology symposia was started in 2008 in Finland with nearly 100 participants. The second symposium was held in Berlin in 2010 and the third one is coming in 2012 in Norway. Winter limnologists need strongly a textbook on lake ice physics since the ice acts as their boundary condition. 410 0$aSpringer Earth System Sciences 606 $aPhysical geography 606 $aEnvironmental monitoring 606 $aBiotic communities 606 $aGeophysics 606 $aEnvironmental geology 606 $aEnvironmental geology 606 $aAquatic ecology 606 $aEarth System Sciences$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G35000 606 $aMonitoring/Environmental Analysis$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U1400X 606 $aEcosystems$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L1904X 606 $aGeophysics/Geodesy$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G18009 606 $aGeoecology/Natural Processes$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U21006 606 $aFreshwater & Marine Ecology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L19066 615 0$aPhysical geography. 615 0$aEnvironmental monitoring. 615 0$aBiotic communities. 615 0$aGeophysics. 615 0$aEnvironmental geology. 615 0$aEnvironmental geology. 615 0$aAquatic ecology. 615 14$aEarth System Sciences. 615 24$aMonitoring/Environmental Analysis. 615 24$aEcosystems. 615 24$aGeophysics/Geodesy. 615 24$aGeoecology/Natural Processes. 615 24$aFreshwater & Marine Ecology. 676 $a551.5/248 700 $aLeppäranta$b Matti$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01063256 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910299431603321 996 $aFreezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover$92531231 997 $aUNINA