LEADER 03543nam 2200481 450 001 9910466552603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-5261-3042-4 035 $a(CKB)3810000000290499 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5405963 035 $a(OCoLC)1085656554 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse72817 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5405963 035 $a(OCoLC)1039688466 035 $a(EXLCZ)993810000000290499 100 $a20180618d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aChildcare, health and mortality at the London Foundling Hospital, 1741-1800 $e"Left to the mercy of the world" /$fAlysa Levene 210 1$aManchester :$cManchester University Press,$d2007. 215 $a1 online resource (xi, 223 pages) $cillustrations 311 $a0-7190-7354-5 311 $a0-7190-7355-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages [211]-219) and index. 327 $aIntroduction -- The characteristics of foundlings -- Risks of death : the estimation of mortality -- Survival prospects -- The nursing network90 -- Growing up as a foster child -- Childcare and health in a local setting -- Foundlings and the local demographic context -- Conclusions. 330 $aThis book is a thorough and engaging examination of an institution and its young charges, set in the wider social, cultural, demographic and medical context of the eighteenth century. By examining the often short lives of abandoned babies, the book illustrates the variety of pathways to health, ill-health and death taken by the young and how it intersected with local epidemiology, institutional life and experiences of abandonment, feeding and child-care. For the first time, the characteristics of the babies abandoned to the London Foundling Hospital have been examined, highlighting the reasons parents and guardians had for giving up their charges. Clearly presented statistical analysis shows how these characteristics interacted with poverty and welfare to influence heath and survivorship across infancy and early childhood. The book builds up sources from Foundling Hospital records, medical tracts and parish registers to illustrate how the hospital managed the care of its children, and how it reflected wider medical ideas on feeding and child health. Child fostering, paid nursing and family formation in different parts of England are also examined, showing how this metropolitan institution called on a network of contacts to try to raise its charges to good health. This book will be of considerable significance to scholars working in economic and social history, medical and institutional history and histories of childhood and childcare in the early modern period. It will also be of interest to anthropologists interested in child-rearing and feeding practices, and inter-family relationships 606 $aFoundlings$xServices for$zEngland$zLondon$xHistory$y18th century 606 $aFoundlings$xHealth and hygiene$zEngland$zLondon$xHistory$y20th century 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aFoundlings$xServices for$xHistory 615 0$aFoundlings$xHealth and hygiene$xHistory 676 $a362.7320942142 700 $aLevene$b Alysa$f1976-$01030205 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910466552603321 996 $aChildcare, health and mortality at the London Foundling Hospital, 1741-1800$92447017 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05665nam 22007935 450 001 9910298968003321 005 20200701223113.0 010 $a3-319-11424-7 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-11424-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000262151 035 $a(EBL)1967866 035 $a(OCoLC)894508776 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001372343 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11734758 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001372343 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11301680 035 $a(PQKB)10682502 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1967866 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-11424-8 035 $a(PPN)182098893 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000262151 100 $a20141020d2014 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aArtificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making /$fby Tshilidzi Marwala 205 $a1st ed. 2014. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (178 p.) 225 1 $aAdvanced Information and Knowledge Processing,$x1610-3947 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-319-11423-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of eah chapters and index. 327 $aIntroduction to Rational Decision Making -- Casual Function for Rational Decision Making: Application to Militarized Interstate Disputes -- Correlation Function for Rational Decision Making: Application to Epileptic Activity -- Missing Data Approaches for Rational Decision Making: Application to Anecdotal Data -- Rational Counterfactuals and Decision Making: Application to Interstate Conflict -- Flexibility-Bounded Rationality in Interstate Conflict -- Filtering Irrelevant Information for Rational Decision Making -- Group Decision Making -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, Modal Properties and Pseudo-Modal Energies -- Appendix B: Committee of Networks. 330 $aDevelops insights into solving complex problems in engineering, biomedical sciences, social science and economics based on artificial intelligence. Some of the problems studied are in interstate conflict, credit scoring, breast cancer diagnosis, condition monitoring, wine testing, image processing and optical character recognition. The author discusses and applies the concept of flexibly-bounded rationality which prescribes that the bounds in Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon?s bounded rationality theory are flexible due to advanced signal processing techniques, Moore?s Law and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making examines and defines the concepts of causal and correlation machines and applies the transmission theory of causality as a defining factor that distinguishes causality from correlation. It develops the theory of rational counterfactuals which are defined as counterfactuals that are intended to maximize the attainment of a particular goal within the context of a bounded rational decision making process. Furthermore, it studies four methods for dealing with irrelevant information in decision making: Theory of the marginalization of irrelevant information Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Automatic relevance determination method In addition it studies the concept of group decision making and various ways of effecting group decision making within the context of artificial intelligence. Rich in methods of artificial intelligence including rough sets, neural networks, support vector machines, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, incremental learning and fuzzy networks, this book will be welcomed by researchers and students working in these areas. 410 0$aAdvanced Information and Knowledge Processing,$x1610-3947 606 $aArtificial intelligence 606 $aComputational intelligence 606 $aStatistics 606 $aOperations research 606 $aDecision making 606 $aOptical data processing 606 $aArtificial Intelligence$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I21000 606 $aComputational Intelligence$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T11014 606 $aStatistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/S17020 606 $aOperations Research/Decision Theory$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/521000 606 $aComputer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I22005 615 0$aArtificial intelligence. 615 0$aComputational intelligence. 615 0$aStatistics. 615 0$aOperations research. 615 0$aDecision making. 615 0$aOptical data processing. 615 14$aArtificial Intelligence. 615 24$aComputational Intelligence. 615 24$aStatistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. 615 24$aOperations Research/Decision Theory. 615 24$aComputer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. 676 $a006.3015 700 $aMarwala$b Tshilidzi$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0899934 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910298968003321 996 $aArtificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making$92010774 997 $aUNINA