LEADER 03773nam 2200625 c 450 001 9910629584103321 005 20240308190956.0 010 $a0-19-268965-7 010 $a0-19-195649-X 010 $a0-19-268964-9 024 7 $a10.1093/oso/9780192865748.001.0001 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7075544 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7075544 035 $a(CKB)24717065700041 035 $a(UK-OxUP)9780191956492 035 $a(PPN)268195609 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924717065700041 100 $a20220510d2022|||| ||| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSick note $ea history of the British welfare state /$fGareth Millward 210 1$aOxford :$cOxford University Press,$d[2022] 215 $a1 online resource (245 pages) 225 1 $aOxford scholarship online. 311 $a0-19-286574-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aList of Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The 'Birth' of the Sick Note -- 3. Absenteeism and Postwar Rebuilding -- 4. Chauvinists and Breadwinners in the 'Classic Welfare State' -- 5. Privatization? The Sick Note into the 1980s -- 6. Chronicity and Capacity towards the New Millennium -- 7. The 'Death' of the Sick Note? -- 8. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 3 $aSick Note is a history of how the British state asked, 'who is really sick?' Tracing medical certification for absence from work from 1948 to 2010, it shows that doctors, employers, employees, politicians, media commentators, and citizens each concerned themselves with measuring sickness. At various times, each understood that a signed note from a doctor was not enough to 'prove' whether someone was 'really' sick. Yet, with no better alternative on offer, the sick note survived in practice and in the popular imagination-just like the welfare state itself. Sick Note reveals the interplay between medical, employment, and social security policy. The physical note became an integral part of working and living in Britain, while the term 'sick note' was often deployed rhetorically as a mocking nickname or symbol of Britain's economic and political troubles. Using government policy documents, popular media, internet archives, and contemporary research, this book covers the evolution of medical certification and the welfare state since the Second World War, demonstrating how sickness and disability policies responded to demographic and economic changes-though not always satisfactorily for administrators or claimants. Moreover, despite the creation of 'the fit note' in 2010, the idea of 'the sick note' has remained. With the specific challenges posed by the global pandemic in the early 2020s, Sick Note shows how the question of 'who is really sick?' has never been straightforward and will continue to perplex the British state. 410 0$aOxford Academic. 517 $aSick Note 606 $aWelfare state 606 $aSocial Welfare$xhistory 606 $aWelfare state$xHistory 606 $aSick leave 606 $aSocial medicine$zGreat Britain 606 $aSick leave$xSocial aspects$zGreat Britain 606 $aSick leave$xEconomic aspects$zGreat Britain 615 0$aWelfare state. 615 0$aSocial Welfare$xhistory. 615 0$aWelfare state$xHistory. 615 0$aSick leave. 615 0$aSocial medicine 615 0$aSick leave$xSocial aspects 615 0$aSick leave$xEconomic aspects 676 $a305.5620942 700 $aMillward$b Gareth$0880261 801 0$bUK-OxUP 801 1$bUK-OxUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910629584103321 996 $aSick Note$92966053 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03716nam 22005295 450 001 9910298429903321 005 20251116212858.0 010 $a981-13-2883-8 024 7 $a10.1007/978-981-13-2883-1 035 $a(PPN)232468893 035 $a(CKB)4100000007181316 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5607416 035 $a(DE-He213)978-981-13-2883-1 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007181316 100 $a20181128d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe LGM Distribution of Dominant Tree Genera in Northern China's Forest-steppe Ecotone and Their Postglacial Migration /$fby Qian Hao 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer Singapore :$cImprint: Springer,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (115 pages) 225 1 $aSpringer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,$x2190-5053 311 08$a981-13-2882-X 327 $aIntroduction Chapter -- Research Area and Research Methods Chapter -- Glacial refugia and the postglacial migration of dominant tree species in northern China -- Effects of Vertical Migration on Local Vegetation Chapter -- Local Vegetation Dynamics and Forest Advance Retreat -- Forest migration model and uncertainties Chapter -- Main Conclusions. 330 $aThis book systematically discusses the vegetation dynamics in northern China since the LGM, with a focus on three dominant tree species (Pinus, Quercus and Betula). By integrating methods of palaeoecology, phylogeography and species distribution model, it reconstructs the glacial refugia in northern China, demonstrating that the species were located further north than previously assumed during the LGM. The postglacial dynamics of forest distribution included not only long-distance north-south migration but also local spread from LGM micro-refugia in northern China. On the regional scale, the book shows the altitudinal migration pattern of the three dominant tree genera and the role of topographical factors in the migration of the forest-steppe border. On the catchment scale, it analyzes Huangqihai Lake, located in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern China, to indentify the local forest dynamics response to the Holocene climatic change. It shows that local forests have various modes of response to the climate drying, including shrubland expansion, savannification and replacement of steppe. In brief, these studies at different space-time scales illustrate the effects of climate, topography and other factors on forest migration. 410 0$aSpringer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,$x2190-5053 606 $aPlant ecology 606 $aEcology 606 $aPlant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography$3http://scigraph.springernature.com/things/product-market-codes/L24051 606 $aPlant Ecology$3http://scigraph.springernature.com/things/product-market-codes/L19112 606 $aTerrestial Ecology$3http://scigraph.springernature.com/things/product-market-codes/L19139 606 $aEnvironmental Geography$3http://scigraph.springernature.com/things/product-market-codes/J19010 615 0$aPlant ecology. 615 0$aEcology. 615 14$aPlant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. 615 24$aPlant Ecology. 615 24$aTerrestial Ecology. 615 24$aEnvironmental Geography. 676 $a574.52642 700 $aQian$b Hao$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01880678 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910298429903321 996 $aThe LGM Distribution of Dominant Tree Genera in Northern China's Forest-steppe Ecotone and Their Postglacial Migration$94494774 997 $aUNINA