LEADER 04593nam 22006495 450 001 9910298307403321 005 20200701141841.0 010 $a3-642-53748-0 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-642-53748-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000000089201 035 $a(EBL)1698225 035 $a(OCoLC)874179176 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001186000 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11746046 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001186000 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11219663 035 $a(PQKB)11340910 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1698225 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-642-53748-6 035 $a(PPN)176750789 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000089201 100 $a20140218d2014 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Vertebrate IntegumentVolume 1 $eOrigin and Evolution /$fby Theagarten Lingham-Soliar 205 $a1st ed. 2014. 210 1$aBerlin, Heidelberg :$cSpringer Berlin Heidelberg :$cImprint: Springer,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (276 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-642-53747-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntroduction -- The First Vertebrates, Jawless Fishes, the Agnathans -- The Earliest Jawed Vertebrates, the Gnathostomes -- Evolution of Modern Fishes: Critical Biological Innovations -- Tetrapods and the Invasion of Land -- Crucial Vertebrate Innovations -- The Dinosaur Integument -- Mammal-like Reptiles -- Reptiles Return to the Sea. 330 $aThe vertebrate integument arose about 450 million years ago as an ?armour? of dermal bony plates in small, jawless fish-like creatures, informally known as the ostracoderms. This book reviews the major changes that have occurred in the vertebrate integument from its beginnings to the present day. Critical questions concerning the origin, structure and functional biology of the bony integument are discussed and intrinsically linked to major steps in vertebrate evolution and phylogeny?the origin of jaws and the origin of teeth. The discussions include the origins of mineralization of major vertebrate skeletal components such as the dermatocranium, branchial arches and vertebral column. The advances that led to the origin of modern fishes and their phylogenetic development are reviewed and include the evolution of fins and replacement of the bony plates with several types of dermal scales. The evolution of reptiles saw a major transformation of the integument, with the epidermis becoming the protective outermost layer, from which the scales arose, while the dermis lay below it.  The biological significance of the newly-evolved ?-keratin in reptilian scales, among the toughest natural materials known, is discussed in the context of its major contribution to the great success of reptiles and to the evolution of feathers and avian flight. The dermis in many vertebrates is strengthened by layers of oppositely oriented cross-fibres, now firmly entrenched as a design principle of biomechanics. Throughout the book conventional ideas are discussed and a number of new hypotheses are presented in light of the latest developments. The long evolutionary history of vertebrates indicates that the significance of the Darwinian concept of ?survival of the fittest? may be overstated, including in our own mammalian origins, and that chance often plays a major role in evolutionary patterns. Extensive illustrations are included to support the verbal descriptions. Professor Theagarten Lingham-Soliar is in the Department of Life Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. 606 $aVertebrates 606 $aEvolutionary biology 606 $aPaleontology  606 $aVertebrates$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L25074 606 $aEvolutionary Biology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L21001 606 $aPaleontology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G39000 615 0$aVertebrates. 615 0$aEvolutionary biology. 615 0$aPaleontology . 615 14$aVertebrates. 615 24$aEvolutionary Biology. 615 24$aPaleontology. 676 $a560 676 $a570 676 $a571.3/16 676 $a573.516 700 $aLingham-Soliar$b Theagarten$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01058340 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910298307403321 996 $aThe Vertebrate IntegumentVolume 1$92499311 997 $aUNINA