LEADER 05878nam 2200781 450 001 9910131621203321 005 20220504185248.0 010 $a1-118-68351-X 010 $a1-118-68295-5 035 $a(CKB)3710000000461434 035 $a(EBL)2055784 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001530915 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12622303 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001530915 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11532663 035 $a(PQKB)10523815 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16038151 035 $a(PQKB)24890373 035 $a(DLC) 2015017584 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2055784 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL2055784 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11090366 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL822799 035 $a(OCoLC)918624512 035 $a(PPN)229822916 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000461434 100 $a20150420d2015 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLignin and lignans as renewable raw materials $echemistry, technology and applications /$fFrancisco G. Calvo-Flores, Jose? A. Dobado, Joaqui?n I. Garcia and Francisco J. Marti?n-Marti?nez 210 1$aChichester, West Sussex :$cJohn Wiley and Sons, Incorporated,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (521 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in renewable resources 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-68278-5 311 $a1-118-59786-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Series Preface; Preface; List of Acronyms; List of Symbols; Part I Introduction; Chapter 1 Background and Overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Lignin: Economical Aspects and Sustainability; 1.3 Structure of the Book; References; Part II What is Lignin?; Chapter 2 Structure and Physicochemical Properties; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Monolignols, The Basis of a Complex Architecture; 2.3 Chemical Classification of Lignins; 2.4 Lignin Linkages; 2.5 Structural Models of Native Lignin; 2.5.1 Softwood Models; 2.5.2 Hardwood Models 327 $a2.5.3 Herbaceous Plant Models 2.6 Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex; 2.7 Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignins; 2.7.1 Molecular Weight; 2.7.2 Dispersity Index (?); 2.7.3 Thermal Properties; 2.7.4 Solubility Properties; References; Chapter 3 Detection and Determination; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Detection of Lignin (Color-Forming Reactions); 3.2.1 Reagents for Detecting Lignins; 3.3 Determination of Lignin; 3.4 Direct Methods for the Determination of Lignin; 3.4.1 Methods for Lignin as a Residue; 3.4.2 Lignin in Solution Methods; 3.5 Indirect Methods for the Determination of Lignin 327 $a3.5.1 Chemical Methods 3.5.2 Spectrophotometric Methods; 3.5.3 Methods Based on Oxidant Consumption; 3.6 Comparison of the Different Determination Methods; References; Chapter 4 Biosynthesis of Lignin; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Biological Function of Lignins; 4.3 The Shikimic Acid Pathway; 4.4 The Common Phenylpropanoid Pathway; 4.5 The Biosynthesis of Lignin Precursors (the Monolignol-Specific Pathway); 4.5.1 The Biosynthesis of Other Monolignols; 4.5.2 The Transport of Monolignols; 4.6 The Dehydrogenation of the Precursors; 4.7 Peroxidases and Laccases; 4.8 The Radical Polymerization 327 $a4.8.1 Dimerization 4.8.2 Quinone Methides; 4.8.3 Lignification; 4.8.4 Interunit Linkage Types; 4.8.5 Dehydrogenation Polymer (DHP); 4.9 The Lignin-Carbohydrate Connectivity; 4.10 Location of Lignins (Cell Wall Lignification); 4.11 Differences Between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Lignins; References; Part III Sources and Characterization of Lignin; Chapter 5 Isolation of Lignins; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods for Lignin Isolation from Wood and Grass for Laboratory Purposes; 5.2.1 Lignin as Residue; 5.2.2 Lignin by Dissolution; 5.3 Commercial Lignins; 5.3.1 Kraft Lignin 327 $a5.3.2 Sulfite Lignin (Lignosulfonate Process)5.3.3 Soda Lignin (Alkali Lignin); 5.3.4 Organosolv Pulping; 5.3.5 Other Methods of Separation of Lignin from Biomass; References; Chapter 6 Functional and Spectroscopic Characterization of Lignins; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Elemental Analysis and Empirical Formula; 6.3 Determination of Molecular Weight; 6.3.1 Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC); 6.3.2 Light Scattering; 6.3.3 Vapor-Pressure Osmometry (VPO); 6.3.4 Ultrafiltration (UF); 6.4 Functional Group Analyses; 6.4.1 Methoxyl Group (MeO); 6.4.2 Phenolic Hydroxyl Group (OH ph) 327 $a6.4.3 Total and Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups (R-OH) 330 $aAs naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases. Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overvi 410 0$aWiley series in renewable resources. 606 $aLignin 606 $aLignans 606 $aBotanical chemistry 606 $aPlant polymers 615 0$aLignin. 615 0$aLignans. 615 0$aBotanical chemistry. 615 0$aPlant polymers. 676 $a572/.56682 700 $aCalvo-Flores$b Francisco G.$0886289 702 $aDobado Jime?nez$b Jose? A. 702 $aGarcia$b Joaqui?n I. 702 $aMarti?n-Marti?nez$b Francisco J. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910131621203321 996 $aLignin and lignans as renewable raw materials$91979123 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06084nam 22008295 450 001 9910298298803321 005 20200630233854.0 010 $a81-322-2235-0 024 7 $a10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000356847 035 $a(EBL)1974138 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001451860 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11789696 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001451860 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11478271 035 $a(PQKB)10132281 035 $a(DE-He213)978-81-322-2235-4 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1974138 035 $a(PPN)184494338 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000356847 100 $a20150209d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aRecent Advances in Lichenology$b[electronic resource] $eModern Methods and Approaches in Lichen Systematics and Culture Techniques, Volume 2 /$fedited by Dalip Kumar Upreti, Pradeep K. Divakar, Vertika Shukla, Rajesh Bajpai 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aNew Delhi :$cSpringer India :$cImprint: Springer,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (240 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a81-322-2234-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $a1.  Lichenization: the origins of a fungal life-style -- 2. The dynamic discipline of species delimitation: Progress towards effectively recognizing species boundaries in natural populations -- 3. Molecular phylogenetic and phylogenomic approaches in studies of lichen systematics and evolution -- 4. High-throughput sequencing in studies of lichen population biology -- 5. Type-I NR-PKS gene characterization of the cultured lichen mycobiont Xanthoparmelia substrigosa (Ascomycota) -- 6. Endolichenic fungi in Kumaun Himalaya: a case study -- 7. The diversity of lichenised fungi: ecosystem functions and ecosystem services -- 8. In-Vitro Culture of Lichen Partners: Need and Implications -- 9. Biochemical Diversity and Ecology of Lichen-forming Fungi. Lichen Substances, chemosyndromic variation and origin of Polyketide-type metabolites (biosynthetic pathways) -- 10. Lichen substances and their biological activities -- 11. Anti-cancer activity of lichen metabolites and their mechanisms at the molecular level -- 12. Lichen dyes: Current scenario and future prospects. 330 $aThis book discusses in detail molecular, mycobiont culture, biomonitoring and bioprospection of lichens, providing insights into advances in different fields of lichenology by applying modern techniques and approaches and examining how their application has enhanced or changed classical approaches. It offers a valuable resource, especially for beginners, students and researchers from different academic backgrounds interested in the study of lichens. In recent years, the introduction of modern analytical techniques and approaches has significantly improved our understanding of the environment, including lichens. Lichens are unique organisms which possess untapped potential as effective and reliable bioindicators, sources of therapeutic phytochemicals, and as excellent extremophiles. The unique and peculiar characteristics of lichens underline the need for a multidimensional approach to explore their potential in various fields of environment science, botany and chemistry. Modern techniques, especially molecular techniques, have greatly enriched the field of lichen taxonomy and its position in the plant kingdom, revealing little-known species and exploring their evolutionary history, while multivariate analysis and GIS approaches have established lichens as an ideal and reliable tool for monitoring air pollution. Advanced culture techniques have expanded the pharmacological applications of lichens, which was formerly restricted due to their small biomass. The advent of sophisticated analytical instrumentation has now facilitated the isolation and characterization of lichens? bioactive constituents, even in lower concentrations, as well as the estimation of their stress responses at different levels of pollution. As lichen diversity is adversely affected by increasing air pollution, there is a pressing need to develop effective management practices to conserve, restore and document lichen diversity. 606 $aPlant genetics 606 $aMicrobiology 606 $aMetabolism 606 $aPlants$vClassification 606 $aPlants$vClassification 606 $aClimatic changes 606 $aPlant Genetics and Genomics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L32020 606 $aMicrobiology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L23004 606 $aMetabolomics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L15030 606 $aPlant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L24051 606 $aClimate Change$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U12007 615 0$aPlant genetics. 615 0$aMicrobiology. 615 0$aMetabolism. 615 0$aPlants 615 0$aPlants 615 0$aClimatic changes. 615 14$aPlant Genetics and Genomics. 615 24$aMicrobiology. 615 24$aMetabolomics. 615 24$aPlant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. 615 24$aClimate Change. 676 $a570 676 $a571.6 676 $a577.27 676 $a578.012 676 $a578.09 676 $a579 676 $a581.35 702 $aUpreti$b Dalip Kumar$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aDivakar$b Pradeep K$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aShukla$b Vertika$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aBajpai$b Rajesh$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910298298803321 996 $aRecent Advances in Lichenology$92503010 997 $aUNINA