LEADER 05146nam 22007815 450 001 9910298276803321 005 20200703150353.0 010 $a3-319-14535-5 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-14535-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000355393 035 $a(EBL)1963396 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001451844 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11916646 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001451844 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11498436 035 $a(PQKB)10413540 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-14535-8 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1963396 035 $a(PPN)184494486 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000355393 100 $a20150202d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCode Biology $eA New Science of Life /$fby Marcello Barbieri 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (236 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-319-14534-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and indexes. 327 $aAcknowledgments Introductory Chapter -- The Life and Education of Jakob von Uexküll. The Basis of the Environmental Theory -- The Subjective World of the Umwelt -- The Structure of the Umwelt -- Environment and Meaning -- Influences and Interpretations of the Work of Uexküll -- Conclusion. References -- Index. 330 $aThe genetic code appeared on Earth at the origin of life, and the codes of culture arrived almost four billion years later. For a long time it has been assumed that these are the only codes that exist in Nature, and if that were true we would have to conclude that codes are extraordinary exceptions that appeared only at the beginning and at the end of the history of life. In reality, various other organic codes have been discovered in the past few decades and it is likely that more will come to light in the future. The existence of many organic codes in Nature is therefore an experimental fact, but also more than that. It is one of those facts that have extraordinary implications. In this book it is shown that the genetic code was a precondition for the origin of the first cells, the signal transduction codes divided the first cells into three primary kingdoms (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), the splicing codes were instrumental to the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus, the histone code provided a new regulation system in eukaryotic genomes, and the cytoskeleton codes allowed the Eukarya to perform internal movements, including those of mitosis and meiosis. It is shown, furthermore, that organic codes had a key role in multicellular life, in particular in the origin of animals, the origin of mind and the origin of language. The great events of macroevolution, in other words, were associated with the appearance of new organic codes, and we can easily understand why. The reason is that a new code brings into existence something that has never existed before because it creates arbitrary associations, relationships that are not determined by physical necessity. Another outstanding implication is the fact that codes involve meaning and we need therefore to introduce in biology, with the standard methods of science, not only the concept of biological information but also that of biological meaning. The research on biological codes, in conclusion, is bringing to light new mechanisms in evolution and new fundamental concepts in science. This research is the field of Code Biology, the study of all codes of life, from the genetic code to the codes of culture, from the origin of life to the origin of man. 606 $aEcology  606 $aCell biology 606 $aSemantics 606 $aBiology?Philosophy 606 $aCoding theory 606 $aInformation theory 606 $aEcology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L19007 606 $aCell Biology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L16008 606 $aSemantics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/N39000 606 $aPhilosophy of Biology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/E34010 606 $aCoding and Information Theory$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I15041 615 0$aEcology . 615 0$aCell biology. 615 0$aSemantics. 615 0$aBiology?Philosophy. 615 0$aCoding theory. 615 0$aInformation theory. 615 14$aEcology. 615 24$aCell Biology. 615 24$aSemantics. 615 24$aPhilosophy of Biology. 615 24$aCoding and Information Theory. 676 $a003.54 676 $a401.43 676 $a570 676 $a570.1 676 $a571.6 676 $a577 700 $aBarbieri$b Marcello$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$067249 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910298276803321 996 $aCode Biology$92502120 997 $aUNINA