LEADER 05897oam 22011534 450 001 9910973782103321 005 20250426110724.0 010 $a9786612841255 010 $a9781462321490 010 $a1462321496 010 $a9781452798523 010 $a1452798524 010 $a9781282841253 010 $a1282841254 010 $a9781451870329 010 $a1451870329 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055066 035 $a(EBL)1607937 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000943321 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11502964 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943321 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10994229 035 $a(PQKB)11510487 035 $a(OCoLC)763011612 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008174 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607937 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2008174 035 $aWPIEA2008174 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055066 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 12$aA Framework for Developing Secondary Markets for Government Securities /$fZsofia Arvai, Geoffrey Heenan 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (57 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/174 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781451914856 311 08$a1451914857 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Lessons Arising from Country Experiences; III. Benefits of Deep and Liquid Secondary Government Securities Markets; A. Government Financing; B. Monetary Policy; C. Financial Market Development and Resiliency; IV. Impediments to Secondary Market Development; A. Macroeconomic Environment; B. Legal and Regulatory Framework; C. Market Infrastructure; D. Debt Management; E. Investor Base; F. Monetary Operations Framework; V. Sequencing of Secondary Market Development 327 $aA. Stylized Description of the Market and Sequencing of Measures to Develop the Government Debt MarketBoxes; 1. The Central Bank's Role in Developing Secondary Markets; 2. Country Examples of Major Shortcomings in Stage I; B. Stage II-Deepening of Markets; 3. Primary Dealer Systems; C. Stage III-Maturing Markets; D. Summary of Secondary Market Development Action Plans; Appendixes; Country Case Studies on Developing Secondary Markets; Tables; 1. Hungary: Main Macroeconomic Indicators; Figures; 1. Composition of Domestic Debt; 2. Hungary: Breakdown of Treasury Bond Holding by Investor Groups 327 $a3. Hungary: Breakdown of Treasury Bill Holding by Investor Groups2. Hungary: Nonresidents' Holdings of Government Securities at End-Year; 4. Hungary: Breakdown of Secondary Market Turnover of Treasury Bonds and Bills; 5. India: Government Securities Secondary Market Turnover, FY95-FY07; 6. India: Ownership of Government-Dated Securities, FY1992 and FY2002; 3. Mexico: Main Macroeconomic Indicators; 7. Mexico: Composition of Domestic Public Sector Debt; Reference 330 3 $aThis paper consolidates previous work on the development of secondary markets for government securities, and focuses on the sequencing of measures necessary for their development. Six main lessons are identified: (i) a commitment to achieving and maintaining a stable macroeconomic environment, especially prudent fiscal policy, should underpin market development; (ii) a sound and transparent public debt management strategy supports secondary market activity; (iii) a deep and diverse investor base is required; (iv) poor market infrastructure leads to high transaction costs, slow order execution, and excessive operational risk, which all inhibit trading; (v) secondary market growth is facilitated by effective monetary policy implementation; and (vi) reforms should be sequenced to ensure even development of all the structures supporting the secondary market. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/174 606 $aGovernment securities 606 $aSecondary markets 606 $aCapital market$2imf 606 $aDebt Management$2imf 606 $aDebt$2imf 606 $aDebts, Public$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aFinance: General$2imf 606 $aFinancial instruments$2imf 606 $aGeneral Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)$2imf 606 $aGovernment debt management$2imf 606 $aGovernment securities$2imf 606 $aInvestment & securities$2imf 606 $aInvestments: General$2imf 606 $aPublic debt$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aSecurities markets$2imf 606 $aSecurities$2imf 606 $aSovereign Debt$2imf 607 $aMexico$2imf 615 0$aGovernment securities. 615 0$aSecondary markets. 615 7$aCapital market 615 7$aDebt Management 615 7$aDebt 615 7$aDebts, Public 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aFinance: General 615 7$aFinancial instruments 615 7$aGeneral Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) 615 7$aGovernment debt management 615 7$aGovernment securities 615 7$aInvestment & securities 615 7$aInvestments: General 615 7$aPublic debt 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aSecurities markets 615 7$aSecurities 615 7$aSovereign Debt 676 $a332.632044 700 $aArvai$b Zsofia$01661477 701 $aHeenan$b Geoffrey$01816364 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910973782103321 996 $aA Framework for Developing Secondary Markets for Government Securities$94372635 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02236nam 2200469z- 450 001 9910261140103321 005 20210212 035 $a(CKB)4100000002484691 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/62249 035 $a(oapen)doab62249 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000002484691 100 $a20202102d2017 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aVirus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2017 215 $a1 online resource (216 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a2-88945-308-1 330 $aSince the late 1800s, the discovery of new viruses was a gradual process. Viruses were described one by one using a suite of techniques such as (electron) microscopy and viral culture. Investigators were usually interested in a disease state within an organism, and expeditions in viral ecology were rare. The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress. This Frontiers in Virology Research Topic showcases how metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches have been combined to discover, classify and characterize novel viruses. 517 $aVirus Discovery by Metagenomics 606 $aMicrobiology (non-medical)$2bicssc 610 $abacteriophages 610 $abioinformatics 610 $abiological dark matter 610 $ametagenome 610 $ametagenomics 610 $aphages 610 $avirome 610 $avirus discovery 615 7$aMicrobiology (non-medical) 700 $aKatrine L. Whiteson$4auth$01292330 702 $aAlejandro Reyes$4auth 702 $aRichard J. Hall$4auth 702 $aBas E. Dutilh$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910261140103321 996 $aVirus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities$93022179 997 $aUNINA