LEADER 04907nam 2200433z- 450 001 9910261134903321 005 20210212 035 $a(CKB)4100000002484743 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/58039 035 $a(oapen)doab58039 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000002484743 100 $a20202102d2018 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aRegulation of Inflammation; Its Resolution and Therapeutic Targeting 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2018 215 $a1 online resource (105 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a9782889453597 311 08$a2889453596 330 $aInflammation is a fundamental protective mechanism and at the same time the driving force of a variety of major diseases in humans. Indeed, acute self-resolving inflammation usually plays a positive role for the host, as exemplified by infectious diseases where its positive role is well established and testified by its perception as innate immunity. On the other hand, non-resolving inflammation and consequent chronicization is a key determinant of immunopathology and clinical manifestations of most major diseases in humans. As a consequence, it is increasing appreciated that the problem with inflammation is not how often it starts, but how often it fails to resolve. Appropriate resolution of inflammatory responses, which also drives activation of tissue damage repair mechanisms and return of local tissues to homeostasis, is a necessary process for ongoing health. Interestingly, cells sustaining these processes are also key to the proinflammatory responses, and the underlying "pro-resolving" molecular pathways are triggered as part of the pro-inflammatory response. This clearly indicates resolution of inflammation as an active process requiring functional repolarization of inflammatory cells that calls our attention on the underlying molecular mechanisms. The increasing number of anti-inflammatory drugs best-sellers in the pharma market is a clear indication of the relevance of having inflammation under check; nonetheless, there is still a great need for better acting pharmacological tools for the control of inflammation. Indeed, the remarkable success of biological drugs targeting proinflammatory cytokines has indicates that tools able to block proinflammatory mediators have promising applications, but at the same time has made clear that there are intrinsic limitations to this approach which frequently vanish undermine the activity of single targeting drugs, including the well-known redundancy of inflammatory mediators. Under self-limiting conditions inflammation spontaneously resolves in an active process. Some cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation resolution have been uncovered in the recent past, and include generation of specific cytokines, apoptosis of inflammatory leukocytes, lipid mediators, macrophage repolarization and others are likely to be revealed in the next future, since loss-of-function mutations of an increasing number of genes results in the development of spontaneous inflammation in experimental animals. We argue that "pushing for" inflammation resolution by exploiting active naturally-occurring pro-resolving processes may have significant advantages over the attempt to simply "push back" inflammation by passive blockade of proinflammatory mediators. At present the research in the field of inflammation aims at identifying and validates new molecules involved in the resolution of inflammation as a basis for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This involves the discovery of new natural or synthetic "pro-resolving" molecules from plant and animals and the investigation of endogenous inflammation "pro-resolving" mechanisms, including atypical chemokine receptors, decoy receptors, and microRNA. An extensive effort is focused on the regulation by "pro-resolving" agents on two molecular systems of key relevance in inflammation: the chemokine system, which regulates recruitment, permanence and egress of leukocyte in tissues; and the Toll Like Receptor (TLR)/IL-1R system, which is central for the activation of infiltrating leukocytes. 606 $aMedicine$2bicssc 610 $aCell migration 610 $aInflammation 610 $aRegulation of inflammation 610 $aTherapeutic targeting 610 $aTLR 615 7$aMedicine 700 $aMassimo Locati$4auth$01317890 702 $aMantovani$b Alberto$4auth 702 $aMariagrazia Uguccioni$4auth 702 $aMauro Martins Teixeira$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910261134903321 996 $aRegulation of Inflammation; Its Resolution and Therapeutic Targeting$93033058 997 $aUNINA