LEADER 05049nam 2200913z- 450 001 9910557495003321 005 20210501 035 $a(CKB)5400000000042881 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/69148 035 $a(oapen)doab69148 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000042881 100 $a20202105d2020 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aThe Fuzziness in Molecular, Supramolecular, and Systems Chemistry 210 $aBasel, Switzerland$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2020 215 $a1 online resource (154 p.) 311 08$a3-03943-178-1 311 08$a3-03943-179-X 330 $aFuzzy Logic is a good model for the human ability to compute words. It is based on the theory of fuzzy set. A fuzzy set is different from a classical set because it breaks the Law of the Excluded Middle. In fact, an item may belong to a fuzzy set and its complement at the same time and with the same or different degree of membership. The degree of membership of an item in a fuzzy set can be any real number included between 0 and 1. This property enables us to deal with all those statements of which truths are a matter of degree. Fuzzy logic plays a relevant role in the field of Artificial Intelligence because it enables decision-making in complex situations, where there are many intertwined variables involved. Traditionally, fuzzy logic is implemented through software on a computer or, even better, through analog electronic circuits. Recently, the idea of using molecules and chemical reactions to process fuzzy logic has been promoted. In fact, the molecular word is fuzzy in its essence. The overlapping of quantum states, on the one hand, and the conformational heterogeneity of large molecules, on the other, enable context-specific functions to emerge in response to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, analog input-output relationships, involving not only electrical but also other physical and chemical variables can be exploited to build fuzzy logic systems. The development of "fuzzy chemical systems" is tracing a new path in the field of artificial intelligence. This new path shows that artificially intelligent systems can be implemented not only through software and electronic circuits but also through solutions of properly chosen chemical compounds. The design of chemical artificial intelligent systems and chemical robots promises to have a significant impact on science, medicine, economy, security, and wellbeing. Therefore, it is my great pleasure to announce a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "The Fuzziness in Molecular, Supramolecular, and Systems Chemistry." All researchers who experience the Fuzziness of the molecular world or use Fuzzy logic to understand Chemical Complex Systems will be interested in this book. 606 $aBiology, life sciences$2bicssc 606 $aResearch & information: general$2bicssc 610 $aactivation 610 $aactivation energy 610 $aartificial intelligence 610 $aartificial neuron 610 $achemical artificial intelligence 610 $acomplexity 610 $aconformational fuzziness 610 $aconformational heterogeneity 610 $aconformations 610 $ad-TST 610 $aE:Z photoisomerization 610 $aEuler's formula for the exponential 610 $afuzzy complex. 610 $afuzzy complexes 610 $afuzzy logic 610 $afuzzy proteins 610 $afuzzy set theory 610 $aGCN4 mimetic 610 $ahigher-order structures 610 $ahuman nervous system 610 $ain materio computing 610 $aintrinsically disordered protein 610 $aintrinsically disordered protein region 610 $aintrinsically disordered proteins 610 $aliquid-liquid phase transition 610 $aMaxwell-Boltzmann path 610 $ametamorphic proteins 610 $amoonlighting proteins 610 $amorpheeins 610 $an/a 610 $aneuromorphic computing 610 $apeptides-DNA 610 $aphotochromic compounds 610 $aphotoelectrochemistry 610 $apromiscuity 610 $aprotein dynamics 610 $aprotein evolution 610 $aprotein-nucleic acid interaction 610 $aprotein-protein interaction 610 $aproteinaceous membrane-less organelle 610 $aqubit 610 $asolution kinetic 610 $atransitivity 610 $aTransitivity plot 610 $atransport phenomena 610 $awide bandgap semiconductor 615 7$aBiology, life sciences 615 7$aResearch & information: general 700 $aGentili$b Pier$4edt$01291793 702 $aGentili$b Pier$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910557495003321 996 $aThe Fuzziness in Molecular, Supramolecular, and Systems Chemistry$93021928 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03348nam 22005655 450 001 9910254085003321 005 20200703071959.0 010 $a3-319-48936-4 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-48936-0 035 $a(CKB)3710000001041187 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-48936-0 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6314452 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5579085 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5579085 035 $a(OCoLC)1066180986 035 $a(PPN)198340591 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001041187 100 $a20170112d2016 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aIntroduction to Partial Differential Equations /$fby David Borthwick 205 $a1st ed. 2016. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (XIV, 285 p. 68 illus., 61 illus. in color.) 225 1 $aUniversitext,$x0172-5939 311 $a3-319-48934-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminaries -- 3. Conservation Equations and Characteristics -- 4. The Wave Equation -- 5. Separation of Variables -- 6. The Heat Equation -- 7. Function Spaces -- 8. Fourier Series -- 9. Maximum Principles -- 10. Weak Solutions -- 11. Variational Methods -- 12. Distributions -- 13. The Fourier Transform -- A. Appendix: Analysis Foundations -- References -- Notation Guide -- Index. 330 $aThis modern take on partial differential equations does not require knowledge beyond vector calculus and linear algebra. The author focuses on the most important classical partial differential equations, including conservation equations and their characteristics, the wave equation, the heat equation, function spaces, and Fourier series, drawing on tools from analysis only as they arise.Within each section the author creates a narrative that answers the five questions: (1) What is the scientific problem we are trying to understand? (2) How do we model that with PDE? (3) What techniques can we use to analyze the PDE? (4) How do those techniques apply to this equation? (5) What information or insight did we obtain by developing and analyzing the PDE? The text stresses the interplay between modeling and mathematical analysis, providing a thorough source of problems and an inspiration for the development of methods. 410 0$aUniversitext,$x0172-5939 606 $aDifferential equations, Partial 606 $aMathematical physics 606 $aPartial Differential Equations$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/M12155 606 $aMathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/M13120 615 0$aDifferential equations, Partial. 615 0$aMathematical physics. 615 14$aPartial Differential Equations. 615 24$aMathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. 676 $a515.353 700 $aBorthwick$b David$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0503022 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910254085003321 996 $aIntroduction to partial differential equations$91523402 997 $aUNINA