LEADER 07472 am 22007453u 450 001 9910231245803321 005 20230125184100.0 010 $a3-658-19506-1 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-658-19506-9 035 $a(CKB)4100000000881851 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-658-19506-9 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5591223 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5591223 035 $a(OCoLC)1076230568 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6422589 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6422589 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/35761 035 $a(PPN)220124264 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000000881851 100 $a20171025d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Ecological Scarcity Method for the European Union$b[electronic resource] $eA Volkswagen Research Initiative: Environmental Assessments /$fby Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 $aCham$cSpringer Nature$d2017 210 1$aWiesbaden :$cSpringer Fachmedien Wiesbaden :$cImprint: Springer,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (XIV, 93 p. 5 illus.) 225 1 $aAutoUni ? Schriftenreihe,$x1867-3635 ;$v105 311 $a3-658-19505-3 327 $aIntro -- Acknowledgement -- Preliminary Remarks -- Table of Contents -- Table of Figures and Tables -- 1 Management Summary -- 2 Introduction -- 2.1 Method Description -- 2.2 Initial Situation and Aim of the Initiative -- 2.3 Objectives for European Data -- 2.4 Project Implementation -- 3 Methodological Bases -- 3.1 Ecological Scarcity Method -- 3.1.1 How does the ESM fit to the Phases of the ISO Standard? -- 3.1.2 What are the Elements of the ESM? -- 3.2 Basic Principle -- 3.2.1 How can the ESM be applied? -- 3.2.2 Which Requirement apply to the ESM and its underlying Data? -- 3.2.3 Coordination with Environmental Authorities -- 3.2.4 Requirements for European Eco Factors -- 3.3 Method -- 3.3.1 Requirements for European Eco Factors -- 3.3.2 What further Options are there for Applying the ESM? -- 3.3.3 How can Traceability be communicated? -- 3.3.4 What Transparency Rules need to be observed? -- 3.3.5 Basis for Assessment -- 3.3.6 Rules for Assessment -- 3.3.7 What must be borne in Mind when drawing up Assessment? -- 3.4 Methods -- 3.4.1 The ESM: Midpoint or Endpoint Method? -- 3.4.2 Does the ESM comply with ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006? -- 3.5 Responsible Use of Environmental Impact Assessments -- 3.6 Use of Data -- 3.6.1 Types of Impact under Consideration -- 3.6.2 Comparability of Eco Factors and Eco Points -- 4 Data Collection -- 4.1 Methodology -- 4.2 Principles for Deriving Eco Factors -- 4.3 Use for Characterization Factors -- 4.3.1 Determination of Normalisation -- 4.3.2 Determination of Weighting -- 4.3.3 Eco-Factor Determination -- 4.3.4 Temporal Aspects of the Eco-Factor Dermination/ Time Horizons -- 4.4 General Data Situation -- 4.4.1 Reccording the Actual State -- 4.4.2 Articulating Political Will -- 4.4.3 Discussion of Procedure -- 5 Results Type of Impact -- 5.1 Emission to Air -- 5.1.1 Greenhouse Gases -- 5.1.2 Characterization. 327 $a5.1.3 Preliminary Remarks on Air Pollutants -- 5.1.4 NMVOC -- 5.1.5 NO -- 5.1.6 SO -- 5.1.7 PM2.5 -- 5.1.8 NH -- 5.2 Emissions Surface Water -- 5.2.1 Nitrogen (as N) -- 5.2.2 Phosphorus (as P) -- 5.2.3 Nickel -- 5.2.4 Zinc -- 5.2.5 COD -- 5.2.6 Lead -- 5.2.7 Cadmium -- 5.2.8 Copper -- 5.2.9 EPA-PAH16 -- 5.3 Consumption of Resources -- 5.3.1 Freshwater Consumption -- 5.3.2 Primary and Renewable Energy Consumption -- 5.4 Waste Generation -- 5.4.1 Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Waste -- 5.5 Derived Data Sets for Individual EU Countries -- 5.5.1 References to Calculation in the Datasheets -- 6 Eco Factors for EU-28 and Member States -- 6.1 EU-28 (Regarded as one Environmentally Decision-Making Unit) -- 6.2 Data sets of the EU Member States -- 6.2.1 Austria -- 6.2.2 Belgium -- 6.2.3 Bulgaria -- 6.2.4 Croatia -- 6.2.5 Cyprus -- 6.2.6 Czech. Republik -- 6.2.7 Denmark -- 6.2.8 Estonia -- 6.2.9 Finland -- 6.2.10 France -- 6.2.11 Germany (for the purpose of comparision) -- 6.2.12 Greece -- 6.2.13 Hungary -- 6.2.14 Ireland -- 6.2.15 Italy -- 6.2.16 Latvia -- 6.2.17 Lithuania -- 6.2.18 Luxembourg -- 6.2.19 Malta -- 6.2.20 Netherlands -- 6.2.21 Poland -- 6.2.22 Portugal -- 6.2.23 Romania -- 6.2.24 Slovakia -- 6.2.25 Slovenia -- 6.2.26 Spain -- 6.2.27 Sweden -- 6.2.28 United Kingdom -- 7 Environmental Impact Calculation -- 8 Sources. 330 $aThis book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This report transfers the Ecological Scarcity Method (ESM) to the EU and its 28 member states. It provides a powerful tool for unbiased environmental assessments in enterprises and surveys the current impacts and the targets published by environmental authorities, specifically the European Environment Agency. ESM assesses environmental impacts of manufacturing sites and production processes. Developed in 1990 in Switzerland, ESM has already gained regulatory status in proving entitlements for tax exemptions. The method assesses all important impacts in air, water, energy consumption, waste generation and freshwater consumption and also supports en vironmental investment decisions. Contents Methodological Basics  Data Research and Results Eco Factors for EU28 Target Groups Practitioners in industries and public authorities in the field of Environment  Researchers and students of Ecological Sciences and Industrial Management About the Authors Dr. Stephan Ahbe is initiator and author of Swiss Ecological Scarcity Method published in 1990 and today develops Environmental Management Systems at SYRCON in Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Simon Weihofen is Environmental and Energy Manager in Group Management at E.ON SE in Essen, Germany. Dr. Steffen Wellge is an Environmental and Energy Management Specialist at the Volkswagen Group Research, Wolfsburg, Germany. 410 0$aAutoUni ? Schriftenreihe,$x1867-3635 ;$v105 606 $aEnvironmental management 606 $aSustainable development 606 $aPollution prevention 606 $aEnvironmental Management$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U17009 606 $aSustainable Development$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U34000 606 $aIndustrial Pollution Prevention$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U35020 610 $aenvironmental impact 610 $aenvironmental assessment 610 $aecological scarcity 610 $aenergy management 610 $aEuropean Union 610 $aVolkswagen Research 615 0$aEnvironmental management. 615 0$aSustainable development. 615 0$aPollution prevention. 615 14$aEnvironmental Management. 615 24$aSustainable Development. 615 24$aIndustrial Pollution Prevention. 676 $a333.7 700 $aAhbe$b Stephan$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0860576 702 $aWeihofen$b Simon$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aWellge$b Steffen$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910231245803321 996 $aThe Ecological Scarcity Method for the European Union$91920130 997 $aUNINA