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100   $a20160829d2013      uy 
101 0 $aeng
181   $ctxt
182   $cc
183   $acr
200 10$aEnsuring Language Capability in the Intelligence Community: What Factors Affect the Best Mix of Military, Civilians, and Contractors
210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cRAND Corporation The$d2013
300   $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
311   $a0-8330-7784-8 
327   $aIntroduction -- DoD guidance for determining workforce mix -- Literature review on the costs and benefits of different categories of personnel -- Insights from interviews -- Exploratory analysis of the relative cost-effectiveness of military versus civilian language-proficient workforces -- Summary and concluding thoughts.
330   $aLanguage capability is provided in the intelligence community by military personnel, government civilians, and contractors. A key question is what is the best mix of these three types of personnel in terms of cost and effectiveness. This research draws on U.S. Department of Defense guidance and the economics and defense manpower literatures to provide a framework for broadly assessing the costs and benefits of different sources of personnel to provide a given capability, including language capabilities. The authors interviewed personnel at the National Security Agency/Central Security Service and conducted an exploratory quantitative analysis to identify the factors that may affect the best mix of language capability in the intelligence community. A key finding is that each category of personnel provides unique advantages and belongs in the IC language workforce but that a number of factors lead to civilians being a more cost-effective source of language capability than military personnel, even after accounting for the flow to the civil service of trained veterans with language capability. Policies that reduce language-training costs for military personnel and increase the flow of veterans to the civil service might help reduce this disparity.
517   $aEnsuring Language Capability in the Intelligence Community
606   $aIntelligence service$xLanguage$xEmployees$zUnited States
606   $aMultilingualism
606   $aIntercultural communication
615  0$aIntelligence service$xLanguage$xEmployees
615  0$aMultilingualism.
615  0$aIntercultural communication.
676   $a353.1/7264
700   $aAsch$b Beth J$0913850
702   $aWinkler$b John D
702   $aWinkler$b John D
712 02$aRand Corporation
712 02$aNational Defense Research Institute (U.S.)
801  0$bPQKB
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910220149503321
996   $aEnsuring Language Capability in the Intelligence Community: What Factors Affect the Best Mix of Military, Civilians, and Contractors$92885234
997   $aUNINA