LEADER 03916nam 2200457z- 450 001 9910220054303321 005 20210211 035 $a(CKB)3800000000216235 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/42130 035 $a(oapen)doab42130 035 $a(EXLCZ)993800000000216235 100 $a20202102d2017 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aBioactive Compounds from Microbes 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2017 215 $a1 online resource (142 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a2-88945-185-2 330 $aMicroorganisms have had a long and surprising history. They were "invisible" until invention of microscope in the 17th century. Until that date, although they were extensively (but inconsciously) employed in food preservation, beer and wine fermentation, cheese, vinegar, yogurt and bread making, as well as being the causative agents of infectious diseases, they were considered as "not-existing". The work of Pasteur in the middle of the 19th century revealed several biological activities performed by microorganisms including fermentations and pathogenicity. Due to the urgent issue to treat infectious diseases (the main cause of death at those times) the "positive potential" of the microbial world has been neglected for about one century. Once the fight against the "evil" strains was fulfilled also thanks to the antibiotics, industry began to appreciate bacteria's beneficial characteristics and exploit selected strains as starters for both food fermentations and aroma, enzyme and texturing agent production. However, it was only at the end of the 20th century that the probiotic potential of some bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria was fully recognized. Very recently, apart from the probiotic activity of in toto bacteria, attention has begun to be directed to the chemical mediators of the probiotic effect. Thanks also to the improvement of techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, several bioactive compounds are continuously being discovered. Bioactive molecules produced by bacteria, yeasts and virus-infected cells proved to be important for improving or impairing human health. The most important result of last years' research concerns the discovery that a very complex network of signals allows communication between organisms (from intra-species interactions to inter-kingdom signaling). Based on these findings a completely new approach has arisen: the system biology standpoind. Actually, the different organisms colonizing a certain environmental niche are not merely interacting with each other as individuals but should be considered as a whole complex ecosystem continuously exchanging information at the molecular level. In this context, this topic issue explores both antagonistic compounds (i.e. antibiotics) and "multiple function" cooperative molecules improving the physiological status of both stimulators and targets of this network. From the applicative viewpoint, these molecules could be hopefully exploited to develop new pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals for improving human health. 606 $aMicrobiology (non-medical)$2bicssc 610 $aantibiotics 610 $aantitumor activity 610 $afood-encrypted peptides 610 $aGut Microbiota 610 $agut-brain axis 610 $ahuman-microbes cross talk 610 $aimmune-system modulation 610 $aMetabolomics 610 $aMetagenomics 615 7$aMicrobiology (non-medical) 700 $aKatharina Riedel$4auth$01311546 702 $aEnrica Pessione$4auth 702 $aRoberto Mazzoli$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220054303321 996 $aBioactive Compounds from Microbes$93030407 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05673oam 2200949zu 450 001 9910220144003321 005 20210807005056.0 010 $a0-8330-9023-2 035 $a(CKB)3710000000413667 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001546266 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16136417 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001546266 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14792169 035 $a(PQKB)11721724 035 $a(oapen)doab115477 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000413667 100 $a20160829d2015 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEffects of health care payment models on physician practice in the United States 210 $cRAND Corporation$d2015 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cRand Corporation$d2015 215 $a1 online resource 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-8330-8894-7 327 $gMachine generated contents note:$gch. ONE$tIntroduction --$tOrganization of This Report --$gpt. ONE$tModel, Background, and Methods --$gch. Two$tConceptual Model --$gch. Three$tBackground: Scan of the Literature on Effects of Payment Models on Physician Practice --$tOverview --$tPayment Models Included in the Scan --$tSupplementary Payment Models --$tOrganizational Models That Combine Payment Models --$tAlternative Payment Models: Existing Evidence on Prevalence and Effects on Physician Practice Outcomes --$gch. Four$tMethods --$tOverview of Methodological Approach --$tJustification for Qualitative Methods --$tData Collection --$tData Analysis --$tLimitations --$gpt. TWO$tResults 327 $gCh. Five$tChanges in Organizational Structure --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Six$tChanges in Practice Operations --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Seven$tIncreased Importance of Data and Data Analysis --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Eight$tInteractions Among Payment Programs and Between Payment Programs and Government Regulations --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research 327 $gCh. Nine$tPhysician Incentives and Compensation --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Ten$tPhysician Work and Professional Satisfaction --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Eleven$tFactors Limiting the Effectiveness of New Payment Models as Implemented --$tOverview of Findings --$tDetailed Findings --$tComparison Between Current Findings and Previously Published Research --$gch. Twelve$tConclusions --$tChallenges and Opportunities for Physicians and Physician Practices --$tChallenges and Opportunities for Health Plans --$tChallenges and Opportunities for Hospitals --$tChallenges and Opportunities for Vendors of Electronic Health Record Systems --$tChallenges and Opportunities for Regulators --$tClosing. 330 $aThe project reported here aimed to describe the effects that alternative health care payment models have on physicians and physician practices in the United States. Project findings should help guide efforts to improve current and future alternative payment programs and help physician practices succeed in these new payment models. The report provides both findings and recommendations. 606 $aMedical care$zUnited States$xCost control 606 $aMedical fees$zUnited States 606 $aPhysician practice patterns$zUnited States 606 $aPractice Management 606 $aOrganization and Administration 606 $aEconomics 606 $aReimbursement Mechanisms 606 $aProfessional Practice 606 $aSocial Sciences 606 $aHealth Services Administration 606 $aInsurance, Health, Reimbursement 606 $aDelivery of Health Care 606 $aFinancing, Organized 606 $aHealth Care Economics and Organizations 606 $aGeography 606 $aMedical Economics$2HILCC 606 $aPublic Health$2HILCC 606 $aHealth & Biological Sciences$2HILCC 607 $aUnited States 607 $aNorth America 607 $aAmericas 607 $aGeographic Locations 615 0$aMedical care$xCost control. 615 0$aMedical fees 615 0$aPhysician practice patterns 615 2$aPractice Management. 615 2$aOrganization and Administration. 615 2$aEconomics. 615 2$aReimbursement Mechanisms. 615 2$aProfessional Practice. 615 2$aSocial Sciences. 615 2$aHealth Services Administration. 615 2$aInsurance, Health, Reimbursement. 615 2$aDelivery of Health Care. 615 2$aFinancing, Organized. 615 2$aHealth Care Economics and Organizations. 615 2$aGeography. 615 7$aMedical Economics 615 7$aPublic Health 615 7$aHealth & Biological Sciences 676 $a362.1068/1 700 $aFriedberg$b Mark W$0924634 712 02$aAmerican Medical Association 712 02$aRand Corporation 712 02$aRAND Health 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220144003321 996 $aEffects of health care payment models on physician practice in the United States$92890381 997 $aUNINA