LEADER 03669nam 2200637 a 450 001 9910220132003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-03334-4 010 $a9786612033346 010 $a9786611736712 010 $a0-8330-4669-1 010 $a0-8330-4497-4 035 $a(CKB)1000000000535232 035 $a(CtWfDGI)bkg00030338 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000177047 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12020871 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000177047 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10210664 035 $a(PQKB)10265910 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC425924 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4970050 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4970050 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL203334 035 $a(OCoLC)233032766 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000535232 100 $a20080613d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurzn|||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aImpacts on U.S. energy expenditures and greenhouse-gas emissions of increasing renewable-energy use $etechnical report /$fMichael Toman, James Griffin, Robert J. Lempert 210 $aSanta Monica, CA $cRAND Corp.$d2008 215 $axvii, 54 p. $ccol. ill 225 1 $aTechnical report ;$vTR-384-1-EFC 300 $aTitle from title screen. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 51-54). 330 $aThe penetration of renewable energy into the marketplace has been small, held back principally by their higher cost relative to fossil energy. RAND assessed the potential impacts on U.S. consumer energy expenditures and national CO2 emissions of producing 25 percent of U.S. electric power and motor-vehicle transportation fuels from renewable resources by the year 2025. The baseline for the comparisons was expenditures and CO2 emissions in 2025 as drawn from the reference-case tables of the Energy Information Administration's 2006 Annual Energy Outlook. The report shows that increasing renewables use can reduce CO2 emissions and enhance energy security by lowering the cost of imported petroleum. However, a large, inexpensive, easily converted biomass supply is necessary for significantly increased renewable-energy use to have a relatively low impact on consumer energy expenditures. Rapid progress also is needed in the technologies converting biomass feedstock into transportation fuels, and producing power at marginal wind sites. Without progress in these areas, the renewable-energy requirement could substantially increase consumer energy expenditures. Technical advances in provision of economically and environmentally sound biomass energy and wind power generation at lower-quality sites should be top priorities for increasing affordable supplies of renewable energy. The report replaces an earlier version withdrawn in 2006 to correct errors in modeling discovered by RAND post-publication. 410 0$aTechnical report (Rand Corporation) ;$vTR-384-1-EFC. 606 $aRenewable energy sources$zUnited States 606 $aGreenhouse gas mitigation$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aPower resources$zUnited States$xCosts 615 0$aRenewable energy sources 615 0$aGreenhouse gas mitigation$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aPower resources$xCosts. 676 $a333.79/40973 700 $aToman$b Michael A$0734054 701 $aGriffin$b James$g(James P.),$f1974-$01034591 701 $aLempert$b Robert J$0924033 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220132003321 996 $aImpacts on U.S. energy expenditures and greenhouse-gas emissions of increasing renewable-energy use$92869326 997 $aUNINA