LEADER 05457nam 22006614a 450 001 9910830560903321 005 20170815114817.0 010 $a1-280-27395-X 010 $a9786610273959 010 $a0-470-32237-3 010 $a0-470-87128-8 010 $a0-470-87129-6 035 $a(CKB)111087027140056 035 $a(EBL)219699 035 $a(OCoLC)53899023 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000249375 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11221961 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000249375 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10205964 035 $a(PQKB)10977075 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC219699 035 $a(PPN)19690174X 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027140056 100 $a20030604d2003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSpatial ecology via reaction-diffusion equations$b[electronic resource] /$fRobert Stephen Cantrell and Chris Cosner 210 $aChichester, West Sussex, England ;$aHoboken, NJ $cJ. Wiley$dc2003 215 $a1 online resource (429 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in mathematical and computational biology 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-471-49301-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [395]-408). 327 $aSpatial Ecology via Reaction-Diffusion Equations; Contents; Preface; Series Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Introductory Remarks; 1.2 Nonspatial Models for a Single Species; 1.3 Nonspatial Models For Interacting Species; 1.3.1 Mass-Action and Lotka-Volterra Models; 1.3.2 Beyond Mass-Action: The Functional Response; 1.4 Spatial Models: A General Overview; 1.5 Reaction-Diffusion Models; 1.5.1 Deriving Diffusion Models; 1.5.2 Diffusion Models Via Interacting Particle Systems: The Importance of Being Smooth; 1.5.3 What Can Reaction-Diffusion Models Tell Us? 327 $a1.5.4 Edges, Boundary Conditions, and Environmental Heterogeneity1.6 Mathematical Background; 1.6.1 Dynamical Systems; 1.6.2 Basic Concepts in Partial Differential Equations: An Example; 1.6.3 Modern Approaches to Partial Differential Equations: Analogies with Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory; 1.6.4 Elliptic Operators: Weak Solutions, State Spaces, and Mapping Properties; 1.6.5 Reaction-Diffusion Models as Dynamical Systems; 1.6.6 Classical Regularity Theory for Parabolic Equations; 1.6.7 Maximum Principles and Monotonicity 327 $a2 Linear Growth Models for a Single Species: Averaging Spatial Effects Via Eigenvalues2.1 Eigenvalues, Persistence, and Scaling in Simple Models; 2.1.1 An Application: Species-Area Relations; 2.2 Variational Formulations of Eigenvalues: Accounting for Heterogeneity; 2.3 Effects of Fragmentation and Advection/Taxis in Simple Linear Models; 2.3.1 Fragmentation; 2.3.2 Advection/Taxis; 2.4 Graphical Analysis in One Space Dimension; 2.4.1 The Best Location for a Favorable Habitat Patch; 2.4.2 Effects of Buffer Zones and Boundary Behavior; 2.5 Eigenvalues and Positivity; 2.5.1 Advective Models 327 $a2.5.2 Time Periodicity2.5.3 Additional Results on Eigenvalues and Positivity; 2.6 Connections with Other Topics and Models; 2.6.1 Eigenvalues, Solvability, and Multiplicity; 2.6.2 Other Model Types: Discrete Space and Time; Appendix; 3 Density Dependent Single-Species Models; 3.1 The Importance of Equilibria in Single Species Models; 3.2 Equilibria and Stability: Sub- and Supersolutions; 3.2.1 Persistence and Extinction; 3.2.2 Minimal Patch Sizes; 3.2.3 Uniqueness of Equilibria; 3.3 Equilibria and Scaling: One Space Dimension; 3.3.1 Minimum Patch Size Revisited 327 $a3.4 Continuation and Bifurcation of Equilibria3.4.1 Continuation; 3.4.2 Bifurcation Results; 3.4.3 Discussion and Conclusions; 3.5 Applications and Properties of Single Species Models; 3.5.1 How Predator Incursions Affect Critical Patch Size; 3.5.2 Diffusion and Allee Effects; 3.5.3 Properties of Equilibria; 3.6 More General Single Species Models; Appendix; 4 Permanence; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Ecological Overview; 4.1.2 ODE Models as Examples; 4.1.3 A Little Historical Perspective; 4.2 Definition of Permanence; 4.2.1 Ecological Permanence; 4.2.2 Abstract Permanence 327 $a4.3 Techniques for Establishing Permanence 330 $aMany ecological phenomena may be modelled using apparently random processes involving space (and possibly time). Such phenomena are classified as spatial in their nature and include all aspects of pollution. This book addresses the problem of modelling spatial effects in ecology and population dynamics using reaction-diffusion models.* Rapidly expanding area of research for biologists and applied mathematicians* Provides a unified and coherent account of methods developed to study spatial ecology via reaction-diffusion models* Provides the reader with the tools needed to construct 410 0$aWiley series in mathematical and computational biology. 606 $aSpatial ecology$xMathematical models 606 $aReaction-diffusion equations 615 0$aSpatial ecology$xMathematical models. 615 0$aReaction-diffusion equations. 676 $a577.01515353 700 $aCantrell$b Robert Stephen$01611171 701 $aCosner$b Chris$01611172 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830560903321 996 $aSpatial ecology via reaction-diffusion equations$93939276 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05100nam 2200685 a 450 001 9910220097303321 005 20240617065547.0 010 $a0-8330-5110-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000067331 035 $a(EBL)669765 035 $a(OCoLC)705012346 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000472629 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11338086 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000472629 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10435208 035 $a(PQKB)11569287 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC669765 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL669765 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10440626 035 $a(oapen)doab114905 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000067331 100 $a20101006d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aReducing drug trafficking revenues and violence in Mexico $ewould legalizing marijuana in California help? /$fBeau Kilmer, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Brittany M. Bond 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aSanta Monica, Calif. $cRAND$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (127 p.) 225 0 $aOccasional paper Reducing drug trafficking revenues and violence in Mexico 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a0-8330-5107-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Figures; Tables; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; CHAPTER ONE: Introduction; CHAPTER TWO: Methods for Estimating Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Drug Revenues; Current Approaches for Estimating the Size of U.S. Drug Markets; Supply-Side Estimates; Demand-Side Estimates; Definitions and Distinctions; Revenues Versus Profits; Prices Along the Supply Chain; CHAPTER THREE: U.S. Marijuana Consumption and Mexican Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Revenues from Exporting Marijuana; Total Consumption of Marijuana in the United States 327 $aMexican Marijuana's Share of the U.S. MarketWholesale Marijuana Prices Along the Southwest Border; Mexican Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Gross Revenues from Exporting Marijuana to the United States; CHAPTER FOUR: How Might Legalization in California Affect Mexican Drug-Traffic king Organizations' Marijuana Export Revenues?; CHAPTER FIVE: Beyond Marijuana Exports: Insights About Additional Sources of Mexican Drug- Trafficking Organizations' Drug Revenue; Assessing the Claim That 60 Percent of Mexican Drug-Trafficking Organization Drug Revenues Are from Marijuana; Background 327 $aThere Is No Empirical Justification for This Figure That Can Be VerifiedSubsequent National Drug Intelligence Center Estimates Reveal Large Uncertainty About These Numbers; The 8.57 Billion Figure for Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Marijuana Revenues Is Not Credible; Exploratory Analysis of Gross Export Revenues for Other Drugs; Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Revenues from Domestic Distribution Within the United States.; Concluding Thoughts; CHAPTER SIX: How Could a Reduction in Marijuana Revenues Influence Mexican Drug-Traffi cking Organizations? 327 $aMexican Drug-Trafficking Organizations: Activities and CapacitiesSources; Characterizing Mexican Drug-Trafficking Organizations; The Nondrug Activities of Drug-Trafficking Organizations; Analogies; General Principles; CHAPTER SEVEN: Conclusion; Bibliography; Appendix A: A New Estimate of the Weight of a Marijuana Joint; Appendix B: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Content of Sinsemilla and Mexican Commercial-Grade Marijuana; Appendix C: Marijuana Price Data 327 $aUsing the National Survey on Drug Use and Health to Estimate the Share of Marijuana Purchases That Are Sinsemilla Versus Commercial GradeProportion of Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Data Purchases That Are as Expensive as Sinsemilla; Wholesale Prices Near the Southwestern U.S. Border; Export Prices; Geography-Specific Information About Marijuana Prices; Appendix D: Exploratory Analysis of Mexican Drug-Trafficking Organizations' Revenues from Other Drugs Exported to the United States 327 $aTotal Spending on Cocaine, Heroin, and Methamphetamine in the United States: Judgmental Updates of Abt's Demand-Side Estimates for the Year 2000 330 $aU.S. demand for illicit drugs creates markets for Mexican drug- trafficking organizations (DTOs) and helps foster violence in Mexico. This paper examines how marijuana legalization in California might influence DTO revenues and the violence in Mexico. 606 $aDrug control$zMexico 606 $aDrug traffic$zMexico 606 $aOrganized crime$zMexico 615 0$aDrug control 615 0$aDrug traffic 615 0$aOrganized crime 700 $aKilmer$b Beau$0924029 701 $aCaulkins$b Jonathan P$0924030 701 $aBond$b Brittany M$0924031 712 02$aRand Corporation. 712 02$aDrug Policy Research Center (U.S.) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220097303321 996 $aReducing drug trafficking revenues and violence in Mexico$92073714 997 $aUNINA