LEADER 04068nam 2200421z- 450 001 9910220059803321 005 20231214133655.0 035 $a(CKB)3800000000216180 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/48108 035 $a(EXLCZ)993800000000216180 100 $a20202102d2016 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFrom Is to Ought: The Place of Normative Models in the Study of Human Thought 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2016 215 $a1 electronic resource (187 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 $a2-88919-896-0 330 $aIn the study of human thinking, two main research questions can be asked: ?Descriptive Q: What is human thinking like? Normative Q: What ought human thinking be like?? For decades, these two questions have dominated the field, and the relationship between them generated many a controversy. Empirical normativist approaches regard the answers to these questions as positively correlated ? in essence, human thinking is what it ought to be (although what counts as the ?ought? standard is moot). In contemporary theories of reasoning and decision making, this is often associated with a Panglossian framework, an adaptationist approach which regards human thinking as a priori rational. In contrast, prescriptive normativism sees the answers to these two questions as negatively correlated. Normative models are still relevant to human thought, but human behaviour deviates from them quite markedly (with the invited conclusion that humans are often irrational). Prescriptive normativism often results in a Meliorist agenda, which sees rationality as amenable to education. Both empirical and prescriptive normativism can be contrasted with a descriptivist framework for psychology of human thinking. Following Hume?s strict divide between the ?is? and the ?ought?, descriptivism regards the descriptive and normative research questions as uncorrelated, or dissociated, with only the former question suitable for psychological study of human behaviour. This basic division carries over to the relation between normative (?ought?) rationality, based on conforming to normative standards; and instrumental (?is?) rationality, based on achieving one?s goals. Descriptivist approaches regard the two as dissociated, whereas normativist approaches tend to see them as closely linked, with normative arguments defining and justifying instrumental rationality. This research topic brings together diverse contributions to the continuing debate. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, the e-book covers a wide range of subjects, arranged by six sections: The standard picture: Normativist perspectives In defence of soft normativism Exploring normative models Descriptivist perspectives Evolutionary and ecological accounts Empirical reports With a total of some 24 articles from 55 authors, this comprehensive treatment includes theoretical analyses, meta-theoretical critiques, commentaries, and a range of empirical reports. The contents of the Research Topic should appeal to psychologists, linguists, philosophers and cognitive scientists, with research interests in a wide range of domains, from language, through reasoning, judgment and decision making, and moral judgment, to epistemology and theory of mind, philosophical logic, and meta-ethics. 517 $aFrom Is to Ought 610 $ameliorism 610 $anormative models 610 $anew paradigm 610 $anormativism 610 $amoral judgment 610 $aBayesianism 610 $aPanglossianism 610 $arationality 610 $aIs-ought problem 700 $aDavid E. Over$4auth$01311555 702 $aShira Elqayam$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220059803321 996 $aFrom Is to Ought: The Place of Normative Models in the Study of Human Thought$93030416 997 $aUNINA