LEADER 04648nam 22007215 450 001 9910213819303321 005 20250322110035.0 010 $a9780814744789 010 $a0814744788 010 $a9780585002590 010 $a0585002592 024 7 $a10.18574/9780814744789 035 $a(CKB)111000211309084 035 $a(EBL)865610 035 $a(OCoLC)782877985 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000246987 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11192244 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000246987 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10188588 035 $a(PQKB)11656969 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC865610 035 $a(OCoLC)42854097 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse10688 035 $a(DE-B1597)548678 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780814744789 035 $a(ODN)ODN0004022091 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111000211309084 100 $a20200623h19971997 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe smart culture $esociety, intelligence, and law /$fRobert L. Hayman Jr 210 1$aNew York, NY :$cNew York University Press,$d[1997] 210 4$dİ1997 215 $a1 online resource (416 p.) 225 0 $aCritical America ;$v3 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a0-8147-3533-9 311 08$a0-8147-3534-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 375-389) and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$t1. Introduction --$t2. The First Object of Government --$t3. In the Nature of Things --$t4. A Neutral Qualification --$t5. Creating the Smart Culture --$t6. The Smart Culture --$t7. The Constitution Is Powerless --$tAn Epilogue. The Next Reconstruction --$tNotes --$tIndex 330 $aWhat exactly is intelligence? Is it social achievement? Professional success? Is it common sense? Or the number on an IQ test? Interweaving engaging narratives with dramatic case studies, Robert L. Hayman, Jr., has written a history of intelligence that will forever change the way we think about who is smart and who is not. To give weight to his assertion that intelligence is not simply an inherent characteristic but rather one which reflects the interests and predispositions of those doing the measuring, Hayman traces numerous campaigns to classify human intelligence. His tour takes us through the early craniometric movement, eugenics, the development of the IQ, Spearman's "general" intelligence, and more recent works claiming a genetic basis for intelligence differences. What Hayman uncovers is the maddening irony of intelligence: that "scientific" efforts to reduce intelligence to a single, ordinal quantity have persisted--and at times captured our cultural imagination--not because of their scientific legitimacy, but because of their longstanding political appeal. The belief in a natural intellectual order was pervasive in "scientific" and "political" thought both at the founding of the Republic and throughout its nineteenth-century Reconstruction. And while we are today formally committed to the notion of equality under the law, our culture retains its central belief in the natural inequality of its members. Consequently, Hayman argues, the promise of a genuine equality can be realized only when the mythology of "intelligence" is debunked--only, that is, when we recognize the decisive role of culture in defining intelligence and creating intelligence differences. Only culture can give meaning to the statement that one person-- or one group--is smarter than another. And only culture can provide our motivation for saying it. With a keen wit and a sharp eye, Hayman highlights the inescapable contradictions that arise in a society committed both to liberty and to equality and traces how the resulting tensions manifest themselves in the ways we conceive of identity, community, and merit. 410 0$aCritical America. 606 $aIntelligence levels 606 $aCulture and law 606 $aEquality before the law$zUnited States 606 $aPeople with mental disabilities$xCivil rights$zUnited States 606 $aMental health laws$zUnited States 615 0$aIntelligence levels. 615 0$aCulture and law. 615 0$aEquality before the law 615 0$aPeople with mental disabilities$xCivil rights 615 0$aMental health laws 676 $a323/.0973 700 $aJr$b Robert L. Hayman$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01214773 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910213819303321 996 $aThe Smart Culture$92804902 997 $aUNINA