LEADER 05073 am 22007453u 450 001 9910169180103321 005 20220606224511.0 010 $a1-283-11947-1 010 $a9786613119476 010 $a90-04-19458-4 024 7 $a10.1163/ej.9789004181595.i-372 035 $a(CKB)2670000000092649 035 $a(EBL)717576 035 $a(OCoLC)727951411 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000502623 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12202847 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000502623 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10527580 035 $a(PQKB)11647252 035 $a(OCoLC)645790905$z(OCoLC)718620261 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004194588 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL717576 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10470511 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL311947 035 $a(ScCtBLL)4c642ce7-2c74-4b2d-9d03-d0b28b618cde 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC717576 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/28969 035 $a(PPN)174545665 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000092649 100 $a20100701d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEarly Buddhist transmission and trade networks$b[electronic resource] $emobility and exchange within and beyond the northwestern borderlands of South Asia /$fby Jason Neelis 210 $aLeiden ;$aBoston $cBrill$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (390 p.) 225 1 $aDynamics in the history of religion,$x1878-8106 ;$vv. 2 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a90-04-18159-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aRoad Map for Travelers. Models for the Movement of Buddhism ; Merit, Merchants, and the Buddhist Sangha ; Sources and Methods for the study of Buddhist ; Transmission ; Outline of Destinations -- Two Historical Contexts for the Emergence and Transmission of Buddhism within South Asia. Initial Phases of the Establishment of Buddhist Communities in Early India ; Legacy of the Mauryans: Asoka as Dharmaraja ; Migrations, Material Exchanges, and Cross-Cultural Transmission in Northwestern Contact Zones ; Saka Migrants and Mediators between Central Asia and South Asia ; Dynamics of Mobility during the Kusana Period ; Shifting Networks of Political Power and Institutional Patronage during the Gupta Period ; Cross-Cultural Transmission between South Asia and Central Asia, ca. 500-1000 CE -- Trade Networks in Ancient South Asia ; Northern Route (Uttarapatha) ; Southern Route (Daksinapatha) ; Seaports and Maritime Routes across the Indian Ocean -- Old Roads in the Northwestern Borderlands ; Environmental Conditions for Buddhist Transmission in Gandhara ; Gandharan Material and Literary Cultures ; Gandharan Nodes and Networks ; Routes of Buddhist Missionaries and Pilgrims to and from Gandhara ; Domestication of Gandharan Buddhism -- Capillary Routes of the Upper Indus. Geography, Economy, and Capillary Routes in a High Altitude Environment ; Graffiti, Petroglyphs, and Pilgrims ; Enigma of an Absence of Archaeological Evidence and Manifestations of Buddhist Presence -- Long-Distance Transmission to Central Asian Silk Routes and China. Silk Routes of Eastern Central Asia ; Long-distance Transmission Reconsidered -- Alternative Paths and Paradigms of Buddhist Transmission. Catalysts for the Formation and Expansion of the Buddhist Sangha ; Changing Paradigms for Buddhist Transmission within and beyond South Asia. 330 $aThis exploration of early paths for Buddhist transmission within and beyond South Asia retraces the footsteps of monks, merchants, and other agents of cross-cultural exchange. A reassessment of literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources reveals hisorical contexts for the growth of the Buddhist sa?gha from approximately the 5th century BCE to the end of the first millennium CE. Patterns of dynamic Buddhist mobility were closely linked to transregional trade networks extending to the northwestern borderlands and joined to Central Asian silk routes by capillary routes through transit zones in the upper Indus and Tarim Basin. By examining material conditions for Buddhist establishments at nodes along these routes, this book challenges models of gradual diffusion and develops alternative explanations for successful Buddhist movement. 410 0$aDynamics in the history of religion ;$vv. 2. 606 $aBuddhist geography$zAsia 606 $aTrade routes$zAsia$xHistory 606 $aBuddhists$xTravel$zAsia 610 $aTheology 610 $aHistory of Religion 610 $aBuddhism 610 $aCommon Era 610 $aGandhara 615 0$aBuddhist geography 615 0$aTrade routes$xHistory. 615 0$aBuddhists$xTravel 676 $a294.3/7209021 700 $aNeelis$b Jason Emmanuel$0987431 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910169180103321 996 $aEarly Buddhist transmission and trade networks$92256826 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03465nam 22004573 450 001 9910163356903321 005 20230803215314.0 010 $a9781782897262 010 $a1782897267 035 $a(CKB)3810000000098013 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5626027 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5626027 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11642274 035 $a(OCoLC)1080999120 035 $a(Perlego)3017805 035 $a(EXLCZ)993810000000098013 100 $a20210901d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAnzio (Operation Shingle) 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aChicago :$cLucknow Books,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014. 215 $a1 online resource (44 pages) 327 $aIntro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- ABSTRACT -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION -- Strategic Framework -- CHAPTER II - DECISION -- CHAPTER III - PLANNING AND PREPARATION -- Command Relationships -- Concept of Operations -- Planning -- Preparation -- CHAPTER IV - OPERATIONS AT ANZIO -- Battle Ashore -- German Counterattack -- Breakout from Anzio -- Advance to Rome -- CHAPTER V - OPERATIONAL LESSONS LEARNED -- APPENDIX I - ALLIED ORDER OF BATTLE -- APPENDIX II - GERMAN ORDER OF BATTLE -- REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. 330 8 $aThis case study analyzes the role of operational art in Allied operations at Anzio, Italy and the battle for Rome (January 22-June 4, 1944). As part of the Allied Campaign in Italy, the amphibious assault on Anzio-code-named Operation Shingle, and the subsequent drive to Rome remains one of the most controversial military operations in history. Although the Allies eventually captured Rome from the Germans, the failure to use 'operational thinking' led to a poorly planned and executed operation. Most historical accounts blame the failures at Anzio on the lack of aggressiveness by the Operation Shingle commander Major General John P. Lucas. However, when viewed in the larger context of the strategy to defeat Germany and the Allied Campaign in Italy, Operation Shingle is a showcase of failure at the operational level of war. Political rather than military considerations drove Shingle-dooming the operation from the start. Anzio demonstrates the importance of linking tactical actions to operational and strategic objectives. At the strategic level of war, the Allies had a sound strategy to defeat Germany. However, at the operational level of war, the decision to launch Shingle did not adequately assess risk. In operational design, commanders failed to define an objective, lacked sufficient mass, and did not include alternative plans based on potential enemy actions. During planning and preparation, the Allies misjudged the enemy's center of gravity and failed to exploit valuable intelligence. During execution, operational leadership lacked initiative. Finally, the complexity and tensions created by the combined operation made unity of effort difficult. These lessons should benefit future operations. 517 $aAnzio 606 $aOperational art (Military science) 615 0$aOperational art (Military science) 676 $a940.54214999999999 700 $aGray $b Captain Stephen P$01376726 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910163356903321 996 $aAnzio (Operation Shingle)$93412771 997 $aUNINA