LEADER 03242nam 22004933 450 001 9910163326403321 005 20230803215323.0 010 $a9781782897040 010 $a1782897046 035 $a(CKB)3810000000097995 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5626015 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5626015 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11642263 035 $a(OCoLC)1080998334 035 $a(Perlego)3021968 035 $a(EXLCZ)993810000000097995 100 $a20210901d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAmerican Observers On The Battlefields Of The Western Front 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aChicago :$cVerdun Press,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014. 215 $a1 online resource (32 pages) 327 $aIntro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- American Observers on the Battlefields of the Western Front and the Tactical Evolution of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I -- The Evolution in Tactics- European Armies and the Western Front 1914-1917 -- The Observer's Reports -- Belleau Wood: An Example of the Failure of U.S. Tactics in the Initial Engagements. -- Why the American Army Failed to Evolve -- Conclusions -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. 330 8 $aAlthough during World War I the United States employed observers on the battlefields of the Western Front, the information they provided lacked the substance and conclusions required to evolve the tactical doctrine of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). In initial engagements, the AEF was largely forced to rely, with predictable negative outcome, upon outdated concepts founded largely upon the prejudices of the Army's leadership. In August of 1914 the United States Army and Marine Corps demonstrated strong foresight, considering the isolationist perspective of the nation, in detailing officers to the battlefields of Europe. These officers were given little guidance, but their mission was clearly to report on military actions and developments in what was becoming the largest struggle in history. A significant military development of World War I noted by the U.S. was the advance of offensive infantry tactics to cope effectively with the characteristics and lethality of the modern battlefield. The United States, with a two and one-half year opportunity to observe tactics prior to the engagement of the AEF, arguably should have benefited from the experience of others. However, this was not the case. The AEF in its initial engagements, performed much as its European counterparts did at the onset of the war. Eventually the AEF performance improved, but only as U.S. soldiers and Marines gained personal battlefield experience. 606 $aMilitary doctrine 606 $aTactics 606 $aMilitary campaigns 615 0$aMilitary doctrine. 615 0$aTactics. 615 0$aMilitary campaigns. 676 $a940.41273000000001 700 $aVohr USMC$b Major James A$01374401 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910163326403321 996 $aAmerican Observers On The Battlefields Of The Western Front$93407535 997 $aUNINA