LEADER 04920 am 22006373u 450 001 9910161652603321 005 20230125202516.0 010 $a3-319-28298-0 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-28298-5 035 $a(CKB)3710000000734926 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-28298-5 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5578021 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5578021 035 $a(OCoLC)953100447 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/36651 035 $a(PPN)194380602 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000734926 100 $a20160622d2016 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aStable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases $b[electronic resource] $eAn Introductory Guide /$fby G.J. Viljoen, A.G. Luckins, I. Naletoski 205 $a1st ed. 2016. 210 $aCham$cSpringer Nature$d2016 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (XII, 49 p. 15 illus., 4 illus. in color.) 311 $a3-319-28297-2 327 $aFOREWORD -- 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- 2.1. Background analysis -- 2.2. Migratory Birds and HPAI -- 2.3. Using SIA to understand the dissemination of HPAI ? The way ahead! -- 3. ANIMAL MIGRATION TRACKING METHODS -- 3.1. Extrinsic Markers -- 3.2. Intrinsic Markers -- 3.3. The Stable Isotopes of Water on a Spatial Scale -- 3.4. Deriving isoscapes in the absence of GNIP data -- 3.5. Use of Stable Isotopes in Migration Studies -- 3.6. Approaches for Determining Migratory Connectivity -- 4. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 4.1. Sample Collection and Tissue Preparation -- 4.2. Other Stable Isotopes for Migration Research -- 5. REFERENCES. 330 $aThis manuscript discusses the potentials of the approaches as mentioned below to monitor the AIVs in WMW. Molecular diagnostic platforms enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding, enabling non-invasive research on the epidemiology of the disease. Wild migratory waterfowl (WMW) play significant role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) on large distances. Understanding bird migrations may therefore significantly contribute towards understanding of the disease epidemiology, however most conventional approaches to trace WMW migrations are based on capturing, tagging (mostly ringing or GPS devices) and their re-capturing to link the departure and arrival places. Stable isotope ratios in metabolically inert tissues (feathers, beaks, claws) reflect the ratios present at the point of intake (drinking or feeding), thus enabling for tracing bird origins at stopover places. Molecular diagnostic platforms such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies (genetic sequencing) can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding. Simple and easy collection of feather and fecal samples at the stopover places may generate a full information package on which species of WMW carries the AIVs (PCR+DNA barcoding on the feces), as well as the origin of these species (SI+DNA barcoding on the feathers). Therefore, such approaches enable for research on the epidemiology and the ecology of the AIVs in WMW using a non-invasive platform, which does not require capturing of WMW. This manuscript discusses the potentials of these approaches to monitor the AIVs in WMW. 606 $aAnimal ecology 606 $aCommunity ecology, Biotic 606 $aEnvironmental monitoring 606 $aAnimal Ecology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L19015 606 $aCommunity & Population Ecology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L19120 606 $aMonitoring/Environmental Analysis$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U1400X 610 $aAnimal Ecology 610 $aMonitoring/Environmental Analysis 615 0$aAnimal ecology. 615 0$aCommunity ecology, Biotic. 615 0$aEnvironmental monitoring. 615 14$aAnimal Ecology. 615 24$aCommunity & Population Ecology. 615 24$aMonitoring/Environmental Analysis. 676 $a591.7 700 $aViljoen$b G.J$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0993833 702 $aLuckins$b A.G$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aNaletoski$b I$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910161652603321 996 $aStable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases$92275557 997 $aUNINA