LEADER 05252nam 2200637 450 001 9910825043703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-12-801965-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000283086 035 $a(EBL)1864165 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001412050 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11763405 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001412050 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11406475 035 $a(PQKB)10876287 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1864165 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10990517 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL785255 035 $a(OCoLC)896794331 035 $a(PPN)264412958 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780128019511 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1864165 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000283086 100 $a20141212h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aInequality, democracy and growth in Brazil $ea country at the crossroads of economic development /$fMarcos Mendes 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aLondon, England :$cElsevier :$cAP,$d2015. 210 4$d©2015 215 $a1 online resource (281 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-801951-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts 327 $a1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade 327 $a1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall? 327 $a2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public Credit 327 $aBndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact 327 $a4.6 . Conclusions 330 $aIn terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos Jose? Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic 606 $aEquality$zBrazil 607 $aBrazil$xEconomic conditions$y1985- 615 0$aEquality 676 $a306.20981 700 $aMendes$b Marcos$01618313 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910825043703321 996 $aInequality, democracy and growth in Brazil$93949953 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02719nam 22006615 450 001 9910159540703321 005 20250704113604.0 010 $a9783865278845 024 7 $a10.31819/9783865278845 035 $a(CKB)3280000000011280 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4734257 035 $a(DE-B1597)516909 035 $a(OCoLC)888267178 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783865278845 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6356077 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6356077 035 $a(OCoLC)984825605 035 $a(FlNmELB)ELB123528 035 $a(NyNyDIG)DIGIBE1302 035 $a(EXLCZ)993280000000011280 100 $a20190909d1998 fg 101 0 $aspa 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aHuellas etno-sociolingüísticas bozales y afrocubanas /$fLuis A Ortiz López 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aFrankfurt am Main :$cVervuert Verlagsgesellschaft,$d[1998] 210 4$d©1998 215 $a1 online resource (204 pa?ginas) 225 0 $aLengua y Sociedad en el Mundo Hispánico ;$v2 311 08$a9788488906823 311 08$a848890682X 311 08$a9783865278845 311 08$a3865278841 327 $tFrontmatter --$tIndice general --$tAgradecimiento --$tPrologo /$rLipski, John M. --$tINTRODUCTION --$tCAPITULO I: Marco teorico --$tCAPITULO II: Metodologia del estudio --$tCAPITULO III: Corpus linguistico afrocubano: analisis morfosintactico --$tCAPITULOI IV: Testimonios en torno a1 lenguaje afrocubano: documentacion extralinguistica y linguistica --$tCAPITULO V : Lexico de origen africano en el espanol (afro)cubano de hoy: usos y actitudes linguisticas --$tCAPITULOV VI: Conclusiones --$tBibliografia --$tApendice A: Muestra de informantes afrocubanos entrevistados --$tApendice B: Muestra de la transliteracion de algunos fragmentos de cuatro entrevistas 330 $aNueva perspectiva y evolución de la génesis y evolución del habla afrocubana que reconstruye el pasado y el presente lingüístico de los negros bozales y sus descendientes. 410 0$aLengua y sociedad en el mundo hispa?nico ;$v2. 606 $aBlack people$zCuba 606 $aSociolinguistic 606 $aNegro 606 $aLenguaje 607 $aCuba$xCivilization$xAfrican influences 607 $aCuba 608 $aLibros electronicos. 615 0$aBlack people 615 0$aSociolinguistic. 615 4$aNegro. 615 4$aLenguaje. 676 $a301.4519607291 700 $aOrtiz López$b Luis A$0688191 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910159540703321 996 $aHuellas etno-sociolingüísticas bozales y afrocubanas$91231718 997 $aUNINA