LEADER 04110oam 22009374 450 001 9910155013103321 005 20250426110733.0 010 $a9781475555783 010 $a1475555784 010 $a9781475555837 010 $a1475555830 035 $a(CKB)3710000000973034 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4867571 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4867571 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11391095 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL974480 035 $a(OCoLC)965708779 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2016230 035 $aWPIEA2016230 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000973034 100 $a20020129d2016 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aFiscal Discipline and Exchange Rates : $eDoes Politics Matter? /$fJoão Tovar Jalles, Carlos Mulas-Granados, José Tavares 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (30 pages) $cillustrations, tables 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 311 08$a9781475555769 311 08$a1475555768 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 3 $aWe look at the effect of exchange rate regimes on fiscal discipline, taking into account the effect of underlying political conditions. We present a model where strong politics (defined as policymakers facing longer political horizon and higher cohesion) are associated with better fiscal performance, but fixed exchange rates may revert this result and lead to less fiscal discipline. We confirm these hypotheses through regression analysis performed on a panel sample covering 79 countries from 1975 to 2012. Our empirical results also show that the positive effect of strong politics on fiscal discipline is not enough to counter the negative impact of being at/moving to fixed exchange rates. Finally, we use the synthetic control method to illustrate how the transition from flexible to fully fixed exchange rate under the Euro impacted negatively fiscal discipline in European countries. Our results are robust to a number of important sensitivity checks, including different estimators, alternative proxies for fiscal discipline, and sub-sample analysis. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2016/230 606 $aForeign exchange rates$xPolitical aspects 606 $aForeign Exchange$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aStructure, Scope, and Performance of Government$2imf 606 $aNational Deficit Surplus$2imf 606 $aDebt$2imf 606 $aDebt Management$2imf 606 $aSovereign Debt$2imf 606 $aCurrency$2imf 606 $aForeign exchange$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aExchange rate arrangements$2imf 606 $aConventional peg$2imf 606 $aGovernment asset and liability management$2imf 606 $aExchange rate flexibility$2imf 606 $aExchange rates$2imf 606 $aPublic financial management (PFM)$2imf 606 $aFinance, Public$2imf 607 $aAustria$2imf 615 0$aForeign exchange rates$xPolitical aspects. 615 7$aForeign Exchange 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aStructure, Scope, and Performance of Government 615 7$aNational Deficit Surplus 615 7$aDebt 615 7$aDebt Management 615 7$aSovereign Debt 615 7$aCurrency 615 7$aForeign exchange 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aExchange rate arrangements 615 7$aConventional peg 615 7$aGovernment asset and liability management 615 7$aExchange rate flexibility 615 7$aExchange rates 615 7$aPublic financial management (PFM) 615 7$aFinance, Public 676 $a332.45 700 $aJalles$b João Tovar$01378689 701 $aMulas-Granados$b Carlos$0502576 701 $aTavares$b José$01451324 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910155013103321 996 $aFiscal Discipline and Exchange Rates$93651459 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03500nam 2200589 a 450 001 9910961416403321 005 20251116221355.0 010 $a1-61324-202-6 035 $a(CKB)2560000000071307 035 $a(EBL)3019775 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000474244 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12160491 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000474244 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10454055 035 $a(PQKB)11771141 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3019775 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3019775 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10671340 035 $a(OCoLC)923661910 035 $a(BIP)27059333 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000071307 100 $a20090723d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aViral gene expression regulation /$fEli B. Galos, editor 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cNova Biomedical Books$dc2010 215 $a1 online resource (341 p.) 225 1 $aGenetics--research and issues series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-60741-224-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aViral gene expression and host cell immunity / Jia-Hai Lee, Fredric Abramson -- Retroviral gene expression regulation / Mari?a Rosa Lo?pez-Huertas, Mayte Coiras -- Modulation of cellular signaling and gene expression by vitamin E / Jean-Marc Zingg, Angelo Azzi -- Vitamin E activity in immune response : a possible immunoenhancing role in chronic viral infections / Sirio Fiorino ... [et al.] -- Regulation of geminivirus gene expression : potential applications in biotechnology / Kathleen L. Hefferon -- Gene expression regulation in the developing brain / Ching-Lin Tsai, Li-Hsueh Wang -- A bioinformatical approach to the analysis of viral and cellular internal ribosome entry sites / Martin Mokrejs ... [et al.] -- Analysis of gene family expression in African endemic- and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma / Antoinette C. van der Kuyl ... [et al.] -- Diagnostic classification using gene expression profiling in AML / K. I. Mills, A. F. Gilkes -- Regulation of baculovirus-mediated gene expression / Wen-Hsin Lo, Yu-Chen Hu. 330 $aViral gene expression regulation refers to any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. The interplay of the viral genome with the host metabolic machinery involves modifications in both gene expression and regulation. Retroviruses have adapted themselves to use this machinery while maintaining the cell integrity, which is essential to preserve their survival. Consequently, there can be variable host pathogenicity associated with several diseases such as malignancies, immunodeficiencies, and neurological disorders. This book describes current research in the field, and gives a better understanding of the retroviral gene expression regulation that is essential to develop prevention and therapeutic strategies in the future. 410 0$aGenetics--research and issues series. 606 $aViral genetics 606 $aGenetic regulation 615 0$aViral genetics. 615 0$aGenetic regulation. 676 $a572.8/65 676 $a616.91042 701 $aGalos$b Eli B.$f1968-$01865638 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961416403321 996 $aViral gene expression regulation$94472786 997 $aUNINA