LEADER 12756nam 2200589 450 001 9910154783803321 005 20230807204813.0 010 $a1-292-07736-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000592851 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5186117 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5187218 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5832530 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5138311 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6400724 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5138311 035 $a(OCoLC)1024272697 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000592851 100 $a20190816d2015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aEssentials of geology$b[electronic resource] /$fFrederick K. Lutgens, Edward J. Tarbuck ; illustrated by Dennis Tasa 205 $aTwelfth edition, Global edition. 210 1$aBoston :$cPearson,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (592 pages) $ccolor illustrations, maps 225 1 $aAlways learning 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-292-05718-1 311 $a1-322-88303-3 327 $aCover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 An Introduction to Geology -- 1.1 Geology: The Science of Earth -- Physical and Historical Geology -- Geology, People, and the Environment -- 1.2 The Development of Geology -- Catastrophism -- The Birth of Modern Geology -- Geology Today -- The Magnitude of Geologic Time -- 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry -- Hypothesis -- Theory -- Scientific Methods -- Plate Tectonics and Scientific Inquiry -- 1.4 Earth's Spheres -- Hydrosphere -- Atmosphere -- Biosphere -- Geosphere -- 1.5 Earth as a System -- Earth System Science -- The Earth System -- 1.6 Early Evolution of Earth -- Origin of Planet Earth -- Formation of Earth's Layered Structure -- 1.7 Earth's Internal Structure -- Earth's Crust -- Earth's Mantle -- Earth's Core -- 1.8 Rocks and the Rock Cycle -- The Basic Cycle -- Alternative Paths -- 1.9 The Face of Earth -- Major Features of the Continents -- Major Features of the Ocean Floor -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 2 Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds -- 2.1 From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics -- 2.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time -- Evidence: The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle -- Evidence: Fossils Matching Across the Seas -- Evidence: Rock Types and Geologic Features -- Evidence: Ancient Climates -- 2.3 The Great Debate -- Rejection of the Drift Hypothesis -- 2.4 The Theory of Plate Tectonics -- Rigid Lithosphere Overlies Weak Asthenosphere -- Earth's Major Plates -- Plate Boundaries -- 2.5 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading -- Oceanic Ridges and Seafloor Spreading -- Continental Rifting -- 2.6 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction -- Oceanic-Continental Convergence -- Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence -- Continental-Continental Convergence -- 2.7 Transform Plate Boundaries -- 2.8 How Do Plates and Plate Boundaries Change?. 327 $aThe Breakup of Pangaea -- Plate Tectonics in the Future -- 2.9 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model -- Evidence: Ocean Drilling -- Evidence: Mantle Plumes and Hot Spots -- Evidence: Paleomagnetism -- 2.10 How Is Plate Motion Measured? -- Geologic Evidence for Plate Motion -- Measuring Plate Motion from Space -- 2.11 What Drives Plate Motions? -- Forces That Drive Plate Motion -- Models of Plate-Mantle Convection -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 3 Matter and Minerals -- 3.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rock -- Defining a Mineral -- What Is a Rock? -- 3.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals -- Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons -- Elements: Defined by Their Number of Protons -- 3.3 Why Atoms Bond -- The Octet Rule and Chemical Bonds -- Ionic Bonds: Electrons Transferred -- Covalent Bonds: Electron Sharing -- Metallic Bonds: Electrons Free to Move -- 3.4 Properties of a Mineral -- Optical Properties -- Mineral Strength -- Density and Specific Gravity -- Other Properties of Minerals -- 3.5 Mineral Groups -- Classifying Minerals -- Silicate Versus Nonsilicate Minerals -- 3.6 The Silicates -- Silicate Structures -- Joining Silicate Structures -- 3.7 Common Silicate Minerals -- The Light Silicates -- The Dark Silicates -- 3.8 Important Nonsilicate Minerals -- 3.9 Minerals: A Nonrenewable Resource -- Renewable Versus Nonrenewable Resources -- Mineral Resources and Ore Deposits -- Concepts in Review: -- Give It Some Thought -- 4 Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Activity -- 4.1 Magma: Parent Material of Igneous Rock -- The Nature of Magma -- From Magma to Crystalline Rock -- Igneous Processes -- 4.2 Igneous Compositions -- Granitic (Felsic) Versus Basaltic (Mafic) Compositions -- Other Compositional Groups -- Silica Content as an Indicator of Composition -- 4.3 Igneous Textures: What Can They Tell Us? -- Types of Igneous Textures. 327 $a4.4 Naming Igneous Rocks -- Granitic (Felsic) Igneous Rocks -- Andesitic (Intermediate) Igneous Rocks -- Basaltic (Mafic) Igneous Rocks -- Pyroclastic Rocks -- 4.5 Origin of Magma -- Generating Magma from Solid Rock -- 4.6 How Magmas Evolve -- Bowen's Reaction Series and the Composition of Igneous Rocks -- Magmatic Differentiation and Crystal Settling -- Assimilation and Magma Mixing -- 4.7 Partial Melting and Magma Composition -- Formation of Basaltic Magma -- Formation of Andesitic and Granitic Magmas -- 4.8 Intrusive Igneous Activity -- Nature of Intrusive Bodies -- Tabular Intrusive Bodies: Dikes and Sills -- Massive Intrusive Bodies: Batholiths, Stocks, and Laccoliths -- 4.9 Mineral Resources and Igneous Processes -- Magmatic Segregation and Ore Deposits -- Hydrothermal Deposits -- Origin of Diamonds -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 5 Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards -- 5.1 Mount St. Helens Versus Kilauea -- 5.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions -- Factors Affecting Viscosity -- Quiescent Versus Explosive Eruptions -- 5.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption -- Lava Flows -- Gases -- Pyroclastic Materials -- 5.4 Anatomy of a Volcano -- 5.5 Shield Volcanoes -- Mauna Loa: Earth's Largest Shield Volcano -- Kilauea, Hawaii: Eruption of a Shield Volcano -- 5.6 Cinder Cones -- Pari?cutin: Life of a Garden-Variety Cinder Cone -- 5.7 Composite Volcanoes -- 5.8 Volcanic Hazards -- Pyroclastic Flow: A Deadly Force of Nature -- Lahars: Mudflows on Active and Inactive Cones -- Other Volcanic Hazards -- 5.9 Other Volcanic Landforms -- Calderas -- Fissure Eruptions and Basalt Plateaus -- Lava Domes -- Volcanic Necks and Pipes -- 5.10 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity -- Volcanism at Convergent Plate Boundaries -- Volcanism at Divergent Plate Boundaries -- Intraplate Volcanism -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought. 327 $a6 Weathering and Soils -- 6.1 Weathering -- 6.2 Mechanical Weathering -- Frost Wedging -- Salt Crystal Growth -- Sheeting -- Biological Activity -- 6.3 Chemical Weathering -- Water and Carbonic Acid -- How Granite Weathers -- Weathering of Silicate Minerals -- Spheroidal Weathering -- 6.4 Rates of Weathering -- Rock Characteristics -- Climate -- Differential Weathering -- 6.5 Soil -- An Interface in the Earth System -- What Is Soil? -- 6.6 Controls of Soil Formation -- Parent Material -- Time -- Climate -- Plants and Animals -- Topography -- 6.7 The Soil Profile -- 6.8 Classifying Soils -- 6.9 The Impact of Human Activities on Soil -- Clearing the Tropical Rain Forest-A Case Study of Human Impact on Soil -- Soil Erosion: Losing a Vital Resource -- 6.10 Weathering and Ore Deposits -- Bauxite -- Other Deposits -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 7 Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.1 The Importance of Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.2 Origins of Sedimentary Rock -- 7.3 Detrital Sedimentary Rocks -- Shale -- Sandstone -- Conglomerate and Breccia -- 7.4 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks -- Limestone -- Dolostone -- Chert -- Evaporites -- 7.5 Coal: An Organic Sedimentary Rock -- 7.6 Turning Sediment into Sedimentary Rock: Diagenesis and Lithification -- Diagenesis -- Lithification -- 7.7 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.8 Sedimentary Rocks Represent Past Environments -- Importance of Sedimentary Environments -- Sedimentary Facies -- Sedimentary Structures -- 7.9 Resources from Sedimentary Rocks -- Nonmetallic Mineral Resources -- Energy Resources -- 7.10 The Carbon Cycle and Sedimentary Rocks -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 8 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks -- 8.1 What Is Metamorphism? -- 8.2 What Drives Metamorphism? -- Heat as a Metamorphic Agent -- Confining Pressure -- Differential Stress -- Chemically Active Fluids. 327 $aThe Importance of Parent Rock -- 8.3 Metamorphic Textures -- Foliation -- Foliated Textures -- Other Metamorphic Textures -- 8.4 Common Metamorphic Rocks -- Foliated Metamorphic Rocks -- Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rocks -- 8.5 Metamorphic Environments -- Contact or Thermal Metamorphism -- Hydrothermal Metamorphism -- Burial and Subduction Zone Metamorphism -- Regional Metamorphism -- Other Metamorphic Environments -- 8.6 Metamorphic Zones -- Textural Variations -- Index Minerals and Metamorphic Grade -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 9 Earthquakes and Earth's Interior -- 9.1 What Is an Earthquake? -- Discovering the Causes of Earthquakes -- Aftershocks and Foreshocks -- Faults and Large Earthquakes -- 9.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves -- Instruments That Record Earthquakes -- Seismic Waves -- 9.3 Locating the Source of an Earthquake -- 9.4 Determining the Size of Earthquakes -- Intensity Scales -- Magnitude Scales -- 9.5 Earthquake Destruction -- Destruction from Seismic Vibrations -- Landslides and Ground Subsidence -- Fire -- What Is a Tsunami? -- 9.6 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur? -- Earthquakes Associated with Plate boundaries -- Damaging Earthquakes East of the Rockies -- 9.7 Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? -- Short-Range Predictions -- Long-Range Forecasts -- 9.8 Earth's Interior -- Formation of Earth's Layered Structure -- Probing Earth's Interior: "Seeing" Seismic Waves -- 9.9 Earth's Layers -- Crust -- Mantle -- Core -- Concepts in Review -- Give It Some Thought -- 10 Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor -- 10.1 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor -- Mapping the Seafloor -- Provinces of the Ocean Floor -- 10.2 Continental Margins -- Passive Continental Margins -- Active Continental Margins -- 10.3 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins -- Deep-Ocean Trenches -- Abyssal Plains -- Volcanic Structures on the Ocean Floor. 327 $aExplaining Coral Atolls-Darwin's Hypothesis. 330 $aFor Introductory Physical Geology Courses   From the renowned Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa team, the Twelfth Edition of Essentials of Geology continues to elevate its readability, art program, focus on basic principles and instructor flexibility. This revision incorporates what has historically made the text a best seller with a new active learning approach throughout each chapter, which offers students a structured learning path and provides a reliable, consistent framework for mastering the chapter concepts.   It also includes new additions to its learning path, mobile field trips, and visual program. This edition can be supported by (optional) MasteringGeology?-used by over 1.5 million science students, the Mastering platform is the most effective and widely used online tutorial, homework, and assessment system for the sciences.   This program will provide an interactive and engaging learning experience for your students. Here's how:   Personalize learning with MasteringGeology: MasteringGeology provides students with engaging and interactive experiences that coach them through introductory physical geography with specific wrong-answer feedback, hints, and a wide variety of educationally effective content. Teach with an active learning path that emphasizes learning objectives, tie questions back to objectives, ask students to analyze, synthesize, and critically think about core concepts, and break down chapter content. Engage students with an art program that supports a structured learning path with its bold-magazine like design.    Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; My_Lab/Mastering does not come packaged with this content. My_Lab/Mastering is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor. 410 0$aAlways learning. 606 $aGeology 615 0$aGeology. 676 $a550 700 $aLutgens$b Frederick K.$0313798 702 $aTarbuck$b Edward J. 702 $aTasa$b Dennis 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910154783803321 996 $aEssentials of geology$92808433 997 $aUNINA