LEADER 12107oam 2200613 450 001 9910153250103321 005 20230807211603.0 010 $a1-292-06067-0 035 $a(CKB)3710000000623229 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5174487 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5176500 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5832621 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5137850 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6398861 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5137850 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL900287 035 $a(OCoLC)1024266373 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000623229 100 $a20210427d2015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aElementary surveying $ean introduaction to geomatics /$fCharles D. Ghilani, Paul R. Wolf ; global edition contributions by Anthony Gidudu 205 $aFourteenth edition, Global edition. 210 1$aBoston :$cPearson,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (960 pages) $cillustrations (some color) 225 1 $aAlways Learning 311 $a1-292-06049-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- What's New -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Definition of Surveying -- 1.2 Geomatics -- 1.3 History of Surveying -- 1.4 Geodetic and Plane Surveys -- 1.5 Importance of Surveying -- 1.6 Specialized Types of Surveys -- 1.7 Surveying Safety -- 1.8 Land and Geographic Information Systems -- 1.9 Federal Surveying and Mapping Agencies -- 1.10 The Surveying Profession -- 1.11 Professional Surveying Organizations -- 1.12 Surveying on the Internet -- 1.13 Future Challenges in Surveying -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes -- Part I: Units and Significant Figures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Units of Measurement -- 2.3 International System of Units (SI) -- 2.4 Significant Figures -- 2.5 Rounding Off Numbers -- Part II: Field Notes -- 2.6 Field Notes -- 2.7 General Requirements of Handwritten Field Notes -- 2.8 Types of Field Books -- 2.9 Kinds of Notes -- 2.10 Arrangements of Notes -- 2.11 Suggestions for Recording Notes -- 2.12 Introduction to Survey Controllers -- 2.13 Transfer of Files from Survey Controllers -- 2.14 Digital Data File Management -- 2.15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Survey Controllers -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Theory of Errors in Observations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Direct and Indirect Observations -- 3.3 Errors in Measurements -- 3.4 Mistakes -- 3.5 Sources of Errors in Making Observations -- 3.6 Types of Errors -- 3.7 Precision and Accuracy -- 3.8 Eliminating Mistakes and Systematic Errors -- 3.9 Probability -- 3.10 Most Probable Value -- 3.11 Residuals -- 3.12 Occurrence of Random Errors -- 3.13 General Laws of Probability -- 3.14 Measures of Precision -- 3.15 Interpretation of Standard Deviation -- 3.16 The 50, 90, and 95 Percent Errors -- 3.17 Error Propagation -- 3.17.1 Error of a Sum. 327 $a3.17.2 Error of a Series -- 3.17.3 Error of a Products -- 3.17.4 Error of the Mean -- 3.18 Applications -- 3.19 Conditional Adjustment of Observations -- 3.20 Weights of Observations -- 3.21 Least-Squares Adjustment -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Leveling-Theory, Methods, and Equipment -- Part I: Leveling-Theory and Methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Definitions -- 4.3 North American Vertical Datum -- 4.4 Curvature and Refraction -- 4.5 Methods for Determining Differences in Elevation -- 4.5.1 Measuring Vertical Distances by Taping or Electronic Methods -- 4.5.2 Differential Leveling -- 4.5.3 Barometric Leveling -- 4.5.4 Trigonometric Leveling -- Part II: Equipment for Differential Leveling -- 4.6 Categories of Levels -- 4.7 Telescopes -- 4.8 Level Vials -- 4.9 Tilting Levels -- 4.10 Automatic Levels -- 4.11 Digital Levels -- 4.12 Tripods -- 4.13 Hand Level -- 4.14 Level Rods -- 4.15 Testing and Adjusting Levels -- 4.15.1 Requirements for Testing and Adjusting Instruments -- 4.15.2 Adjusting for Parallax -- 4.15.3 Testing and Adjusting Level Vials -- 4.15.4 Preliminary Adjustment of the Horizontal Cross Hair -- 4.15.5 Testing and Adjusting the Line of Sight -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Leveling-Field Procedures and Computations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Carrying and Setting Up a Level -- 5.3 Duties of a Rodperson -- 5.4 Differential Leveling -- 5.5 Precision -- 5.6 Adjustments of Simple Level Circuits -- 5.7 Reciprocal Leveling -- 5.8 Three-Wire Leveling -- 5.9 Profile Leveling -- 5.9.1 Staking and Stationing the Reference Line -- 5.9.2 Field Procedures for Profile Leveling -- 5.9.3 Drawing and Using the Profile -- 5.10 Grid, Cross-Section, or Borrow-Pit Leveling -- 5.11 Use of the Hand Level -- 5.12 Sources of Error in Leveling -- 5.12.1 Instrumental Errors -- 5.12.2 Natural Errors -- 5.12.3 Personal Errors -- 5.13 Mistakes. 327 $a5.14 Reducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes -- 5.15 Using Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Distance Measurement -- Part I: Methods for Measuring Distances -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Summary of Methods for Making Linear Measurements -- 6.3 Pacing -- 6.4 Odometer Readings -- 6.5 Optical Rangefinders -- 6.6 Tacheometry -- 6.7 Subtense Bar -- Part II: Distance Measurements by Taping -- 6.8 Introduction to Taping -- 6.9 Taping Equipment and Accessories -- 6.10 Care of Taping Equipment -- 6.11 Taping on Level Ground -- 6.11.1 Lining In -- 6.11.2 Applying Tension -- 6.11.3 Plumbing -- 6.11.4 Marking Tape Lengths -- 6.11.5 Reading the Tape -- 6.11.6 Recording the Distance -- 6.12 Horizontal Measurements on Sloping Ground -- 6.13 Slope Measurements -- 6.14 Sources of Error in Taping -- 6.14.1 Incorrect Length of Tape -- 6.14.2 Temperature Other Than Standard -- 6.14.3 Inconsistent Pull -- 6.14.4 Sag -- 6.14.5 Tape Not Horizontal and Tape Off-Line -- 6.14.6 Improper Plumbing -- 6.14.7 Faulty Marking -- 6.14.8 Incorrect Reading or Interpolation -- 6.14.9 Summary of Effects of Taping Errors -- Part III: Electronic Distance Measurement -- 6.15 Introduction -- 6.16 Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy -- 6.17 Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement -- 6.18 Electro-Optical Instruments -- 6.19 Total Station Instruments -- 6.20 EDM Instruments Without Reflectors -- 6.21 Computing Horizontal Lengths from Slope Distances -- 6.21.1 Reduction of Short Lines by Elevation Differences -- 6.21.2 Reduction of Short Lines by Vertical Angles -- 6.22 Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement -- 6.22.1 Personal Errors -- 6.22.2 Instrumental Errors -- 6.22.3 Natural Errors -- 6.23 Using Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Angles, Azimuths, and Bearings -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Units of Angle Measurement -- 7.3 Kinds of Horizontal Angles. 327 $a7.4 Direction of a Line -- 7.5 Azimuths -- 7.6 Bearings -- 7.7 Comparison of Azimuths and Bearings -- 7.8 Computing Azimuths -- 7.9 Computing Bearings -- 7.10 The Compass and the Earth's Magnetic Field -- 7.11 Magnetic Declination -- 7.12 Variations in Magnetic Declination -- 7.13 Software for Determining Magnetic Declination -- 7.14 Local Attraction -- 7.15 Typical Magnetic Declination Problems -- 7.16 Mistakes -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8: Total Station Instruments -- Angle Observations -- Part I: Total Station Instruments -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Characteristics of Total Station Instruments -- 8.3 Functions Performed by Total Station Instruments -- 8.4 Parts of a Total Station Instrument -- 8.5 Handling and Setting up a Total Station Instrument -- 8.6 Servo-Driven and Remotely Operated Total Station Instruments -- Part II: Angle Observations -- 8.7 Relationship of Angles and Distances -- 8.8 Observing Horizontal Angles with Total Station Instruments -- 8.9 Observing Multiple Horizontal Angles by the Direction Method -- 8.10 Closing the Horizon -- 8.11 Observing Deflection Angles -- 8.12 Observing Azimuths -- 8.13 Observing Vertical Angles -- 8.14 Sights and Marks -- 8.15 Prolonging a Straight Line -- 8.16 Balancing-In -- 8.17 Random Traverse -- 8.18 Total Stations for Determining Elevation Differences -- 8.19 Adjustment of Total Station Instruments and Their Accessories -- 8.19.1 Adjustment of Plate-Level Vials -- 8.19.2 Adjustment of Tripods -- 8.19.3 Adjustment of Tribrachs -- 8.19.4 Adjustment of Plummets -- 8.19.5 Adjustment of Circular Level Bubbles -- 8.20 Sources of Error in Total Station Work -- 8.20.1 Instrumental Errors -- 8.20.2 Natural Errors -- 8.20.3 Personal Errors -- 8.21 Propagation of Random Errors in Angle Observations -- 8.22 Mistakes -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9: Traversing -- 9.1 Introduction. 327 $a9.2 Observation of Traverse Angles or Directions -- 9.2.1 Traversing by Interior Angles -- 9.2.2 Traversing by Angles to the Right -- 9.2.3 Traversing by Deflection Angles -- 9.2.4 Traversing by Azimuths -- 9.3 Observation of Traverse Lengths -- 9.4 Selection of Traverse Stations -- 9.5 Referencing Traverse Stations -- 9.6 Traverse Field Notes -- 9.7 Angle Misclosure -- 9.8 Traversing with Total Station Instruments -- 9.9 Radial Traversing -- 9.10 Sources of Error in Traversing -- 9.11 Mistakes in Traversing -- Problems -- Chapter 10: Traverse Computations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Balancing Angles -- 10.3 Computation of Preliminary Azimuths or Bearings -- 10.4 Departures and Latitudes -- 10.5 Departure and Latitude Closure Conditions -- 10.6 Traverse Linear Misclosure and Relative Precision -- 10.7 Traverse Adjustment -- 10.7.1 Compass (Bowditch) Rule -- 10.7.2 Least-Squares Method -- 10.8 Rectangular Coordinates -- 10.9 Alternative Methods for Making Traverse Computations -- 10.9.1 Balancing Angles by Adjusting Azimuths or Bearings -- 10.9.2 Balancing Departures and Latitudes by Adjusting Coordinates -- 10.10 Inversing -- 10.11 Computing Final Adjusted Traverse Lengths and Directions -- 10.12 Coordinate Computations in Boundary Surveys -- 10.13 Use of Open Traverses -- 10.14 State Plane Coordinate Systems -- 10.15 Traverse Computations Using Computers -- 10.16 Locating Blunders in Traverse Observations -- 10.17 Mistakes in Traverse Computations -- Problems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11: Coordinate Geometry in Surveying Calculations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Coordinate Forms of Equations for Lines and Circles -- 11.3 Perpendicular Distance from a Point to a Line -- 11.4 Intersection of Two Lines, Both Having Known Directions -- 11.5 Intersection of a Line with a Circle -- 11.6 Intersection of Two Circles -- 11.7 Three-Point Resection. 327 $a11.8 Two-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation. 330 $aFor Surveying courses offered in Civil Engineering departments   This highly readable, best-selling text presents basic concepts and practical material in each of the areas fundamental to modern surveying (geomatics) practice. Its depth and breadth are ideal for self-study. Elementary Surveying, Fourteenth Edition, is updated throughout to reflect the latest advances and technology.   Teaching and Learning Experience This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. It will help: Emphasize the Theory of Errors in Surveying Work: Common errors and mistakes are listed to remind students to exercise caution in their work. Use Strong Pedagogy Tools to Teach: Numerous worked example problems, figures, illustrations, and end-of-chapter problems help students apply concepts. Reflect the Latest Advances in Technology: To keep your course current and relevant, this edition covers the latest advancements in surveying technology. 410 0$aAlways learning. 606 $aSurveying 606 $aGeomatics 615 0$aSurveying. 615 0$aGeomatics. 676 $a526.9 700 $aGhilani$b Charles D.$0885900 702 $aWolf$b Paul R. 702 $aGidudu$b Anthony$f1970- 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bUtOrBLW 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910153250103321 996 $aElementary surveying$93410909 997 $aUNINA LEADER 07392nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910830947203321 005 20230725044923.0 010 $a1-282-47220-8 010 $a9786612472206 010 $a1-4443-1809-8 010 $a1-4443-1810-1 035 $a(CKB)2550000000002533 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH4285215 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000341332 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11241926 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000341332 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10389288 035 $a(PQKB)11382110 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC477881 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000002533 100 $a20090907d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPeer groups and children's development$b[electronic resource] /$fChristine Howe 210 $aMalden, MA. $cWiley-Blackwell$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (x, 233 p. ) $cill 225 1 $aUnderstanding children's worlds 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a1-4051-7944-9 311 $a1-4051-7945-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aChapter 1: Peer groups in a cultural context. Introduction. Cultural dependency. Theoretical framework. Piaget and Sullivan. Group socialization theory. Peer groups and children's development. Overview of contents. An inter-disciplinary perspective. Chapter 2: Peer groups and classroom structure. Introduction. The peer group structure of classes. Class size. Selective assignment. The structure of classroom subgroups. Cultural and local influences upon classroom structure. Size and selectivity. Competing pressures. Summary and conclusions. Chapter 3: Performance and cooperation in classrooms. Introduction. Whole-class interaction and the performance mode. The ubiquitous IRF. Individual differences in performance roles. Subgroup interaction and the cooperative mode. Sitting in groups versus working with groups. Cooperative learning. Role differentiation in classroom subgroups. Summary and conclusions. Chapter 4: Cooperative interaction and curriculum mastery. Introduction. Piagetian perspectives upon cooperative interaction. Socio-cognitive conflict, transactive dialogue and exploratory talk. Group work in science. Resolving differences. Assistance and cooperative interaction. Helping and learning. Assistance versus contrasting. The social impact of classroom interaction. Selecting mechanisms. Social judgments in classrooms. Conclusions. Chapter 5: Friendship, status, and centrality. Introduction. Children's friendships. Membership of friendship groups. The qualities of friends. Similarity and complementarity. Peer status in formal groups. Socio-metric relations. Assigning status. Beyond the classroom. Status in friendship groups. Ethnographic approaches. The concept of centrality. Conclusions. Chapter 6: Individual differences in informal experiences. Introduction. Varying experiences of status. Sociability, aggression and withdrawal. Behavioural characteristics and status. Behavioural characteristics in context. Friendship and status compared. Sociability and friendship. Aggression, friendship and centrality. Continuity and change. Context dependency . Conclusions. Chapter 7: Social and personal adjustment. Introduction. Peer groups and antisocial behaviour. Rejection and antisocial behaviour. Friendship and antisocial behaviour. Mutual support or bad examples. Peer groups and personal adjustment. Status and internalizing difficulties. Internalizing versus externalizing. Rejection and neglect. The protective status of friendship. Summary and conclusions. Chapter 8: School performance revisited. Introduction. Peer groups and educational failure. Status and performance. Status and friendship. Diverse consequences of friendship. Friends and academic polarization. Towards an integrated perspective. Classroom practice and developmental outcomes. Chapter 9: Implications for practice and future research. Summary and introduction. Remedial work with individuals. Skills training for at-risk children. Skills training in context. Qualified endorsement of the cooperative approach. Maximizing the 'promotiveness' of promotive interaction. The problem of aggression. Teacher involvement. Future research and theoretical development. Developing the socio-cultural perspective. Conclusion. 330 $a'Peer Groups and Children's Development' considers the experiences of school-aged children with their peer groups - in both formal and informal settings - and the implications of these experiences for their social, personal and intellectual development. 330 $bPeer Groups and Children's Development considers the experiences of school-aged children with their peer groups and its implications for their social, personal and intellectual development Focuses on the peer group experiences of children attending school in Western societies, from five years of age through to adolescence Considers peer groups in classrooms, friendships made within and outside of school, and the groups that children participate in for extra-curricular activities Includes a final summary which brings together the significant implications for theory, policy and practice Unique in that no other volume reviews and integrates literature relating to peer groups in both classroom and out-of-class settings Addresses the research interests of psychologists and educationalists, as well as the practical concerns of teachers, parents, counsellors, and policy makers Peer Groups and Children's Development considers the experiences of school-aged children with their peer groups. The book looks at the formal peer groups that children are placed in for teaching and learning, covering such topics as the class size debate, mixed-ability vs. ability-based teaching, gender and classroom dialogue, and dialogic teaching and cooperative learning. Howe also provides an in-depth examination of the nature, causes, and consequences of a child's informal peer relationships, including those associated with cliques, friendships, and adolescent gangs. Evidence presented throughout reveals how formal and informal aspects of peer groups interrelate to a great extent in determining patterns of development. This has significant implications for research and theory, as well as for the practical concerns of parents, teachers, counselors, school psychologists, and policy makers. Informed by the latest research and scholarship, Peer Groups and Children's Development offers revelatory insights into the effects of peer relationships on a child's intellectual, personal and social development. 410 0$aUnderstanding children's worlds. 606 $aChild development 606 $aInterpersonal relations in children 606 $aFriendship in children 606 $aAge groups 615 0$aChild development. 615 0$aInterpersonal relations in children. 615 0$aFriendship in children. 615 0$aAge groups. 676 $a305.231 686 $a5,3$2ssgn 686 $aCQ 6000$2rvk 686 $aCQ 6400$2rvk 700 $aHowe$b Christine$0888110 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830947203321 996 $aPeer groups and children's development$94098977 997 $aUNINA