LEADER 09444oam 2200673 450 001 9910153151303321 005 20230803221109.0 010 $a9781292015750$be-book 010 $a1292015756$be-book 010 $a9780273775065$beText 010 $a0273775065$beText 010 $z9780273775058$b(pbk.) 035 $a(CKB)2550000001250308 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001180071 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12508648 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001180071 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11198838 035 $a(PQKB)11541110 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5176109 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5138055 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5138055 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL584801 035 $a(OCoLC)942127489 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001250308 100 $a20180104h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn#---uuuuu 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aIntroduction to research methods in psychology /$fDennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University 205 $aFourth edition 210 1$aHarlow, England :$cPearson Education,$d2014 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (xxii, 508 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aAlways learning 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 300 $aPrevious edition: 2011. 311 0 $a0273775057 311 0 $a1306535506 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Contents -- Guided tour -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1 The basics of research -- 1 The role of research in psychology -- Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Reading -- 1.3 Evaluating the evidence -- 1.4 Inferring causality -- 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality -- 1.6 Practice -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 2 Aims and hypotheses in research -- Overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of study -- 2.3 Aims of research -- 2.4 Research hypotheses -- 2.5 Four types of hypothesis -- 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses -- 2.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 3 Variables, concepts and measures -- Overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The history of the variable in psychology -- 3.3 Types of variable -- 3.4 Independent and dependent variables -- 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables -- 3.6 Stevens' theory of scales of measurement -- 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 4 The problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size -- Overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Universalism -- 4.3 Sampling and generalisation -- 4.4 Statistics and generalisation -- 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again -- 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association -- 4.7 Sample size and size of association -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 5 Research reports: The total picture -- Overview -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing -- 5.3 The sections of the research report in detail -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 6 Examples of how to writeresearch reports -- Overview -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 A poorly written practical report -- 6.3 Analysis of the report -- 6.4 An improved version of the report. 327 $a6.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 7 The literature search -- Overview -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Library classification systems -- 7.3 Electronic databases -- 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library -- 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 8 Ethics and data management in research -- Overview -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ethics: general principles -- 8.3 Research ethics -- 8.4 Ethics and publication -- 8.5 Obtaining the participant's consent -- 8.6 Data management -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 2 Quantitative research methods -- 9 The basic laboratory experiment -- Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment -- 9.3 More advanced research designs -- 9.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 10 Advanced experimental design -- Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable -- 10.3 Multiple dependent variables -- 10.4 Factorial designs -- 10.5 The psychology and social psychology of the laboratory experiment -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 11 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies -- Overview -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Cross-sectional designs -- 11.3 The case for non-manipulation studies -- 11.4 Key concepts in the analysis of cross-sectional studies -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 12 Longitudinal studies -- Overview -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Panel designs -- 12.3 Different types of third variable -- 12.4 Analysis of non-experimental designs -- 12.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 13 Sampling and population surveys -- Overview -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Types of probability sampling -- 13.3 Non-probability sampling -- 13.4 National surveys -- 13.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples. 327 $a13.6 Sample size and population surveys -- 13.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement -- 14 Psychological tests: Their use and construction -- Overview -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The concept of a scale -- 14.3 Scale construction -- 14.4 Item analysis or factor analysis? -- 14.5 Other considerations in test construction -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 15 Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures -- Overview -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Reliability of measures -- 15.3 Validity -- 15.4 Types of validity -- 15.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 16 Coding data -- Overview -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Types of coding -- 16.3 Reliability and validity -- 16.4 Qualitative coding -- 16.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 4 Qualitative research methods -- 17 Why qualitative research? -- Overview -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 What is qualitative research? -- 17.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology -- 17.4 The quantification-qualitative methods continuum -- 17.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods -- 17.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 18 Qualitative data collection -- Overview -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Major qualitative data collection approaches -- 18.3 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 19 Transcribing language data: The Jefferson system -- Overview -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Jefferson transcription -- 19.3 Advice for transcribers -- 19.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 20 Thematic analysis -- Overview -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 What is thematic analysis? -- 20.3 A basic approach to thematic analysis -- 20.4 A more sophisticated version of thematic analysis -- 20.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 21 Grounded theory -- Overview -- 21.1 Introduction. 327 $a21.2 Development of grounded theory -- 21.3 Data in grounded theory -- 21.4 How to do grounded theory analysis -- 21.5 Computer grounded theory analysis -- 21.6 Evaluation of grounded theory -- 21.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 22 Discourse analysis -- Overview -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Important characteristics of discourse -- 22.3 The agenda of discourse analysis -- 22.4 Doing discourse analysis -- 22.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 23 Conversation analysis -- Overview -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Precepts of conversation analysis -- 23.3 Stages in conversation analysis -- 23.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- 24 Interpretative phenomenological analysis -- Overview -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 25 Evaluating and writing up qualitative research -- Overview -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Evaluating qualitative research -- 25.3 Validity -- 25.4 Criteria for novices -- 25.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 5 Research for projects, dissertations and theses -- 26 Developing ideas for research -- Overview -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Why not a replication study? -- 26.3 Choosing a research topic -- 26.4 Sources of research ideas -- 26.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- Glossary -- References -- Index. 330 $aIntroduction to Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition is an essential introduction to research methods in psychology. With comprehensive coverage of both quantitative and qualitative methods as well as the ethical and legal realities of carrying out research, this is the ideal guide for students just beginning and those moving on to more advanced projects. 410 0$aAlways learning. 517 3 $aResearch methods in psychology 606 $aPsychology$xResearch$xMethodology 615 0$aPsychology$xResearch$xMethodology. 676 $a150.72 700 $aHowitt$b Dennis$0254789 702 $aCramer$b Duncan 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910153151303321 996 $aIntroduction to research methods in psychology$92882791 997 $aUNINA