LEADER 04638nam 2200709 450 001 9910149745003321 005 20230525192748.0 010 $a1-61504-731-X 024 7 $a10.4199/C00143ED1V01Y201610NGL009 035 $a(CKB)3710000000935166 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4731703 035 $a(OCoLC)962190531 035 $a(CaBNVSL)swl00406914 035 $a(MOCL)201610NGL009 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000935166 100 $a20161107d2017 fy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aNG2-glia (polydendrocytes) /$fArthur M. Butt 210 1$a[San Rafael, California] :$cMorgan & Claypool,$d2017. 215 $a1 online resource (54 pages) $ccolor illustrations 225 1 $aColloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine,$x2375-9917 ;$v# 9 300 $aPart of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences. 311 $a1-61504-730-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 25-38). 327 $a1. Introduction -- 327 $a2. Identification and lineage of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 2.1 Morphology and distribution of NG2-glia -- 2.2 Structure and function of NG2 (Cspg4) -- 2.3 Proliferation of NG2-glia and generation of oligodendrocytes -- 2.4 Multipotential nature of NG2-glia -- 327 $a3. Physiological characteristics of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 3.1 Ion channels -- 3.1.1 Potassium channels -- 3.1.2 Sodium channels -- 3.1.3 Calcium channels -- 3.1.4 Chloride channels -- 3.1.5 HCN channels -- 3.2 Neurotransmitter receptors -- 3.2.1 Glutamate receptors -- 3.2.2 GABA receptors -- 3.2.3 Purine receptors -- 3.2.4 Other neurotransmitter receptors -- 327 $a4. Synaptic signalling in NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 4.1 Prominence of AMPA and GABAA receptor mediated signalling in NG2-glia -- 4.2 Functions of synaptic signalling in NG2-glia -- 4.3 Neurotransmitters and NG2-glial cell pathology -- 327 $a5. Pathological responses of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 5.1 Demyelination -- 5.2 Traumatic injury -- 5.3 Ageing -- 327 $a6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Author biography -- Titles of related interest. 330 3 $aClassically, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered to contain neurons and three main types of glial cells--astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Now, it has been clearly established that NG2-glia are a fourth glial cell type that are identified and defined by their expression of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (Cspg4). NG2-glia differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, under the control of multiple extacellular and intrinsic factors. Due to this, NG2-glia are often referred to in the literature as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The name polydendrocytes has been suggested for NG2-glia (OPCs), to emphasize their nature as a fourth distinct glial cell type. NG2-glia respond rapidly to neurotransmission via their synaptic connections with neurons and their repertoire of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Bidirectional interactions between NG2-glia and neurons are also important for synaptic function and neuronal integrity. NG2-glia respond to most neuropathologies by increased proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes, which is critical for replacing damaged myelin after injury and in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. There is also evidence NG2-glia are capable of generating astrocytes and neurons under some circumstances. The full capacity of NG2-glia is not yet clear, but their key function is the lifelong generation of oligodendrocytes, which is absolutely critical for CNS function and integrity. 410 0$aColloquium digital library of life sciences. 410 0$aColloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine ;$v# 9.$x2375-9917 606 $aNeuroglia 606 $aAstrocytes 606 $aNeuroglia 606 $aAstrocytes 610 $aNG2-Glia 610 $aoligodendrocyte precursor cell 610 $apolydendrocyte 610 $asynapse 610 $aglutamate 610 $apotassium 610 $aneuron-glial signalling 610 $aremyelination 615 0$aNeuroglia. 615 0$aAstrocytes. 615 2$aNeuroglia. 615 2$aAstrocytes. 676 $a611.0188 700 $aButt$b Arthur$01344575 801 0$bCaBNVSL 801 1$bCaBNVSL 801 2$bCaBNVSL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910149745003321 996 $aNG2-glia (polydendrocytes)$93364490 997 $aUNINA