LEADER 07619oam 22014414 450 001 9910964915703321 005 20250704145017.0 010 $a9781498380393 010 $a1498380395 010 $a9781498327251 010 $a1498327257 035 $a(CKB)2670000000577894 035 $a(EBL)1868521 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001432641 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11852846 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001432641 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11406670 035 $a(PQKB)10969852 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1868521 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1868521 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10990909 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL664616 035 $a(OCoLC)897070417 035 $a(NjHacI)992670000000577894 035 $a(IMF)1CODEA2014002 035 $a1CODEA2014002 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000577894 100 $a20020129d2014 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDemocratic Republic of the Congo $eFinancial System Stability Assessment 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (63 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Staff Country Reports 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781484394779 311 08$a1484394771 311 08$a9781322333342 311 08$a1322333343 327 $aCover; CONTENTS; GLOSSARY; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; TABLES; 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2011-2019; FINANCIAL SECTOR STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE; A. The Banking Sector and Financial Stability; 2. Structure of the Banking System; FIGURES; 1. Banking Systems Balance Sheet; 2. Comparative Indicators of Banking System Soundness; 3. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2010-2013; B. The Nonbanking Sector and Financial Stability; 4. End-2012 Banks' Income Statements; 5. Number of Microfinance Institutions Not Meeting the Regulatory Norms 327 $aRISKS AND RESILIENCE OF THE BANKING SECTOR A. Financial Sector Vulnerabilities; 3. Comparison of Micro-financial Buffers, 2009 vs. 2013; 6. Risk Assessment Matrix; B. Banking Sector Resilience; C. Credit Risk; 4. Estimated Banks' Capital Needs if the Exchange Rate Depreciates Sharply; 7. Solvency and Liqudity Stress Tests; D. Liquidity Risk; 5. Large Concentration Exposures; E. Interbank Contagion Risk; FINANCIAL SECTOR SUPERVISION AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; 6. Supervisory Structure; CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY NETS; A. Crisis Preparedness; B. Responding to a Crisis; C. Deposit Insurance System 327 $aDEVELOPMENT AND MARKET STRUCTURE ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING; 8. Key Recommendations (Extended); APPENDICES; I. The Central Bank: Autonomy and Monetary Policy Tools; II. De-dollarization: Preconditions, Operational Aspects, and Risks; III. The Resolution of the Banque Congolaise; IV. Observance of the Basel Core Principles; V. Stress Test Matrix 330 3 $aThis Financial System Stability Assessment on the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlights that the Congolese financial sector has recovered from the crisis of 2009 but is at a crossroads. Although reforms have been initiated, the system remains shallow, highly dollarized, and characterized by balance sheet fragilities. The authorities have announced a de-dollarization process; however, greater progress on reforms to strengthen the financial system is needed to support financial deepening and economic growth. The team?s analysis suggests that the financial system remains vulnerable. Resilience to shocks is undermined by the lack of risk-based supervision, lax regulation and weak enforcement of existing regulations, low profitability, and an excessive reliance on sight deposits. Steps are also needed to improve the capacity for micro- and macroprudential supervision. The implementation of risk-based supervision for individual banks is a critical prerequisite for effective crisis prevention. Assessments of bank-specific and systemic soundness are severely handicapped by weak supervisory data and other information gaps. There are significant weaknesses in accounting and auditing practices and, even if indicators suggest high capitalization levels, a more detailed analysis suggests banks are under-provisioned, partly owing to lax definitions of nonperforming loans and provisioning rules. 410 0$aIMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;$vNo. 2014/315 606 $aFinancial institutions$zDemocratic Republic of the Congo 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aIndustries: Financial Services$2imf 606 $aFinance: General$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General$2imf 606 $aFinancial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation$2imf 606 $aMonetary Systems$2imf 606 $aStandards$2imf 606 $aRegimes$2imf 606 $aGovernment and the Monetary System$2imf 606 $aPayment Systems$2imf 606 $aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aFinancial services law & regulation$2imf 606 $aLoans$2imf 606 $aCommercial banks$2imf 606 $aCredit$2imf 606 $aCapital adequacy requirements$2imf 606 $aFinancial institutions$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aCurrencies$2imf 606 $aFinancial sector stability$2imf 606 $aFinancial sector policy and analysis$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aAsset requirements$2imf 606 $aFinancial services industry$2imf 607 $aDemocratic Republic of the Congo$xEconomic conditions 607 $aDemocratic Republic of the Congo$xEconomic policy 607 $aCongo, Democratic Republic of the$2imf 615 0$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aIndustries: Financial Services 615 7$aFinance: General 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General 615 7$aFinancial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation 615 7$aMonetary Systems 615 7$aStandards 615 7$aRegimes 615 7$aGovernment and the Monetary System 615 7$aPayment Systems 615 7$aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aFinancial services law & regulation 615 7$aLoans 615 7$aCommercial banks 615 7$aCredit 615 7$aCapital adequacy requirements 615 7$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aCurrencies 615 7$aFinancial sector stability 615 7$aFinancial sector policy and analysis 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aAsset requirements 615 7$aFinancial services industry 676 $a309.1675 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910964915703321 996 $aDemocratic Republic of the Congo$94371630 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04877nam 22006975 450 001 9910149490903321 005 20250822151654.0 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-29975-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000928135 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-29975-4 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4733270 035 $a(PPN)197138098 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000928135 100 $a20161104d2016 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAdvances in Stochastic and Deterministic Global Optimization /$fedited by Panos M. Pardalos, Anatoly Zhigljavsky, Julius ?ilinskas 205 $a1st ed. 2016. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (XIII, 296 p. 69 illus., 42 illus. in color.) 225 1 $aSpringer Optimization and Its Applications,$x1931-6836 ;$v107 311 08$a3-319-29973-5 311 08$a3-319-29975-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aPart I: Theory and Algorithms for Global Optimization -- On the Asymptotic Tractability of Global Optimization -- Combining Interval and Probabilistic Uncertainty: What Is Computable? -- Survey of Piecewise Convex Maximization and PCMP over Spherical Sets -- Assessing Basin Identification Methods for Locating Multiple Optima -- Part II: Applications of Global Optimization -- Cloud Computing Approach for Intelligent Visualization of Multidimensional Data -- Comparative Study of Different Penalty Functions and Algorithms in Survey Calibration -- Multidimensional Scaling for Genomic Data -- Solving Stochastic Ship Fleet Routing Problems with Inventory Management Using Branch and Price -- Investigation of Data Regularization and Optimization of Timetables by Lithuanian High Schools Example -- Dynamic Global Optimisation Methods for Determining Guaranteed Solutions in Chemical Engineering -- On the Least-Squares Fitting of Data by Sinusoids -- Part III: Multi-objective Global Optimization -- A Multicriteria Generalization of Bayesian Global Optimization -- Understanding the Impact of Constraints: a Rank Based Fitness Function for Evolutionary Methods -- Estimating the Pareto Front of a Hard Bi-criterion Competitive Facility Location Problem -- On Sampling Methods for Costly Multi-objective Black-box Optimization. 330 $aCurrent research results in stochastic and deterministic global optimization including single and multiple objectives are explored and presented in this book by leading specialists from various fields. Contributions include applications to multidimensional data visualization, regression, survey calibration, inventory management, timetabling, chemical engineering, energy systems, and competitive facility location. Graduate students, researchers, and scientists in computer science, numerical analysis, optimization, and applied mathematics will be fascinated by the theoretical, computational, and application-oriented aspects of stochastic and deterministic global optimization explored in this book. This volume is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Antanas ?ilinskas who is a leading world expert in global optimization. Professor ?ilinskas's research has concentrated on studying models for the objective function, the development and implementation of efficient algorithms for global optimization with single and multiple objectives, and application of algorithms for solving real-world practical problems. 410 0$aSpringer Optimization and Its Applications,$x1931-6836 ;$v107 606 $aMathematical optimization 606 $aProbabilities 606 $aAlgorithms 606 $aNumerical analysis 606 $aComputer science$xMathematics 606 $aOptimization 606 $aProbability Theory 606 $aAlgorithms 606 $aNumerical Analysis 606 $aMathematical Applications in Computer Science 615 0$aMathematical optimization. 615 0$aProbabilities. 615 0$aAlgorithms. 615 0$aNumerical analysis. 615 0$aComputer science$xMathematics. 615 14$aOptimization. 615 24$aProbability Theory. 615 24$aAlgorithms. 615 24$aNumerical Analysis. 615 24$aMathematical Applications in Computer Science. 676 $a510 702 $aPardalos$b Panos M$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aZhigljavsky$b Anatoly$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $a?ilinskas$b Julius$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910149490903321 996 $aAdvances in stochastic and deterministic global optimization$91523111 997 $aUNINA