LEADER 05550nam 22006974a 450 001 9910146075803321 005 20201005144428.0 010 $a1-280-25291-X 010 $a9786610252916 010 $a0-470-34800-3 010 $a0-471-72371-1 010 $a0-471-72372-X 035 $a(CKB)1000000000018988 035 $a(EBL)226562 035 $a(OCoLC)60384345 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000231226 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11204243 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000231226 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10206968 035 $a(PQKB)10629975 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC226562 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000018988 100 $a20021209d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aQuantitative remote sensing of land surfaces$b[electronic resource] /$fShunlin Liang 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (562 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in remote sensing 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 1 $a0-471-28166-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aQUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING OF LAND SURFACES; Contents; Preface; Acronyms; CHAPTER 1 Introduction; 1.1 Quantitative Models in Optical Remote Sensing; 1.2 Basic Concepts; 1.2.1 Digital Numbers; 1.2.2 Radiance; 1.2.3 Solid Angle; 1.2.4 lrradiance; 1.2.5 Bidirectional Reflectances and Albedos; 1.2.6 Extraterrestrial Solar lrradiance; 1.3 Remote Sensing Modeling System; 1.3.1 Scene Generation; 1.3.2 Scene Radiation Modeling; 1.3.3 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modeling; 1.3.4 Navigation Modeling; 1.3.5 Sensor Modeling; 1.3.5.1 Spectral Response; 1.3.5.2 Spatial Response 327 $a1.3.6 Mapping and Binning1.4 Summary; References; CHAPTER 2 Atmospheric Shortwave Radiative Transfer Modeling; 2.1 Radiative Transfer Equation .; 2.2 Surface Statistical BRDF Models; 2.2.1 Minnaert Function; 2.2.2 Lommel-Seeliger Function; 2.2.3 Walthall Function; 2.2.4 Staylor-Suttles Function; 2.2.5 Rahman Function; 2.2.6 Kernel Functions; 2.3 Atmospheric Optical Properties; 2.3.1 Rayleigh Scattering; 2.3.2 Mie Scattering; 2.3.3 Aerosol Particle Size Distributions; 2.3.4 Gas Absorption; 2.3.5 Aerosol Climatology; 2.4 Solving Radiative Transfer Equations; 2.4.1 Radiation Field Decomposition 327 $a2.4.2 Numerical Solutions2.4.2.1 Method of Successive Orders of Scattering; 2.4.2.2 Method of Discrete Ordinates; 2.4.3 Approximate Solutions: Two-Stream Algorithms; 2.4.4 Representative Radiative Transfer Solvers (Software Packages); 2.5 Approximate Representation for Incorporating Surface BRDF; 2.6 Summary; References; CHAPTER 3 Canopy Reflectance Modeling; 3.1 Canopy Radiative Transfer Formulation; 3.1.1 Canopy Configuration; 3.1.2 One-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Formulation; 3.1.3 Boundary Conditions; 3.1.4 Hotspot Effects; 3.1.5 Formulations for Heterogeneous Canopies 327 $a3.2 Leaf Optical Models3.2.1 "Plate" Models; 3.2.2 Needleleaf Models; 3.2.3 Ray Tracing Models; 3.2.4 Stochastic Models; 3.2.5 Turbid Medium Models; 3.3 Solving Radiative Transfer Equations; 3.3.1 Approximate Solutions; 3.3.1.1 Models Based on KM Theory; 3.3.1.2 Decomposition of the Canopy Radiation Field; 3.3.1.3 Approximation of Multiple Scattering; 3.3.2 Numerical Solutions: Gauss-Seidel Algorithm; 3.4 Geometric Optical Models; 3.5 Computer Simulation Models; 3.5.1 Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Models; 3.5.1.1 Forward and Reverse Ray Tracing; 3.5.1.2 Canopy Scene Generation 327 $a3.5.1.3 A Forest Ray Tracing Algorithm3.5.1.4 Botanical Plant Modeling System Model; 3.5.1.5 SPRINT Model; 3.5.2 Radiosity Models; 3.5.2.1 Generating the 3D Scene; 3.5.2.2 Calculating the Emission for All Surfaces in the Scene; 3.5.2.3 Computing the View Factors; 3.5.2.4 Solving the Radiosity Equation; 3.5.2.5 Rendering the Scene for a Given Viewpoint and Calculating BRF; 3.5.2.6 Applications; 3.6 Summary; References; CHAPTER 4 Soil and Snow Reflectance Modeling; 4.1 Single Scattering Properties of Snow and Soil; 4.1.1 Optical Properties of Snow; 4.1.2 Optical Properties of Soils 327 $a4.2 Multiple Scattering Solutions for Angular Reflectance from Snow and Soil 330 $aProcessing the vast amounts of data on the Earth's land surface environment generated by NASA's and other international satellite programs is a significant challenge. 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