LEADER 05570nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910146051303321 005 20230617031403.0 010 $a1-280-27516-2 010 $a9786610275168 010 $a0-470-02108-X 010 $a0-470-02109-8 035 $a(CKB)1000000000019107 035 $a(EBL)219774 035 $a(OCoLC)56476688 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000232294 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11187730 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000232294 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10214439 035 $a(PQKB)11034473 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC219774 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL219774 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10113967 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL27516 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000019107 100 $a20040302d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aRadioisotope gauges for industrial process measurements$b[electronic resource] /$fGeir Anton Johansen, Peter Jackson 210 $aChichester, Wewst Sussex, England ;$aHoboken, N.J. $cJ. Wiley & Sons$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (335 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-32097-4 311 $a0-471-48999-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [285]-297) and index. 327 $aRadioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements; Contents; Preface; Symbols, Units and Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Ionising Radiation; 1.2 Industrial Nucleonic Measurement Systems; 1.3 Historical Perspective; 1.4 The Objective of This Book; 2 Radiation Sources; 2.1 A Primer on Atomic and Nuclear Physics; 2.1.1 Radioactive Decay; 2.1.2 Modes of Decay; 2.1.3 ?-Rays; 2.1.4 Competitive Modes of Disintegration; 2.1.5 Characteristic X-rays; 2.1.6 Bremsstrahlung; 2.1.7 Activity and Half-life; 2.1.8 Radiation Energy; 2.1.9 Summary of Radioisotope Emissions; 2.2 Radioisotope Sources 327 $a2.2.1 Important Source Properties 2.2.2 Natural Sources; 2.2.3 Tracers; 2.2.4 Sealed Sources; 2.3 Other Radiation Sources; 2.3.1 X-ray Tubes; 2.3.2 Nuclear Reactors; 2.3.3 Accelerators; 2.4 Sealed Radioisotope Sources Versus X-ray Tubes; 3 Interaction of Ionising Radiation with Matter; 3.1 Charged Particle Interactions; 3.1.1 Linear Stopping Power; 3.1.2 Range; 3.1.3 Charged Particle Beam Intensity; 3.2 Attenuation of Ionising Photons; 3.2.1 The Intensity and the Inverse-Square Law; 3.3 The Attenuation Coefficient of Ionising Photons; 3.3.1 The Photoelectric Effect; 3.3.2 Compton Scattering 327 $a3.3.3 Rayleigh Scattering 3.3.4 Pair Production; 3.3.5 Attenuation Versus Absorption; 3.3.6 Mean Free Path and Half-thickness; 3.4 Attenuation Coefficients of Compounds and Mixtures; 3.4.1 The Attenuation Coefficient of Homogeneous Mixtures; 3.4.2 The Linear Attenuation Coefficients of Chemical Compounds; 3.4.3 Attenuation in Inhomogeneous Materials; 3.5 Broad Beam Attenuation; 3.5.1 The Build-Up Factor; 3.5.2 Build-Up Discrimination; 3.5.3 The 'Effective' Attenuation Coefficient; 3.6 Neutron Interactions; 3.7 Effective Atomic Number; 3.8 Secondary Electrons; 4 Radiation Detectors 327 $a4.1 Principle of Operation 4.2 Detector Response and Spectrum Interpretation; 4.2.1 Window Transmission and Stopping Efficiency; 4.2.2 The Noiseless Detection Spectrum; 4.2.3 Detector Models; 4.2.4 The Real Detection Spectrum; 4.2.5 Signal Generation in Ionisation Sensing Detectors; 4.2.6 Signal Generation in Scintillation Sensing Detectors; 4.3 Purposes and Properties of Detector Systems; 4.3.1 Energy, Temporal and Spatial Resolution; 4.3.2 Important Properties; 4.4 Gaseous Detectors; 4.4.1 Detector Types; 4.4.2 Wall Interactions; 4.4.3 The Ionisation Chamber; 4.4.4 The Proportional Counter 327 $a4.4.5 The Geiger-Muller Tube 4.5 Semiconductor Detectors; 4.5.1 Electrical Classification of Solids; 4.5.2 Impurities and Doping of Semiconductors; 4.5.3 The pn Junction; 4.5.4 The PIN Silicon Detector; 4.5.5 Compound Semiconductor Detectors; 4.5.6 Characteristics of Semiconductor Detectors; 4.6 Scintillation Detectors; 4.6.1 Plastic Scintillators; 4.6.2 Common Scintillation Crystals and Their Properties; 4.6.3 The Photomultiplier Tube; 4.6.4 Electron Multiplier Types; 4.6.5 Photodiodes for Scintillation Light Read-Out; 4.6.6 Scintillation Detector Assembling; 4.6.7 Temperature Effects 327 $a4.6.8 Ageing 330 $aIn order to fully utilise nucleonic measurement principles and their applications, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying physics. Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements combines theoretical background with practical experience in order to present an accessible overview of the use of radioisotopes in industry. This unique book explains the modes of operation of installed gauges and presents nucleonic methods relevant to measurement problems. The first part of the book deals with radiation sources, the interaction of radiation with matter and radiation 606 $aRadioisotopes$xIndustrial applications 606 $aRadiation$xMeasurement$xInstruments 615 0$aRadioisotopes$xIndustrial applications. 615 0$aRadiation$xMeasurement$xInstruments. 676 $a681/.2 700 $aJohansen$b Geir Anton$0952679 701 $aJackson$b Peter$f1946 Oct. 21-$0952680 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910146051303321 996 $aRadioisotope gauges for industrial process measurements$92153844 997 $aUNINA